高性能疏松纳滤膜的制备研究进展

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-0361

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

疏松纳滤（Loose nanofiltration，LNF）是近几年发展迅速并得到大量研究的一种纳滤分离技术。LNF膜是一种具有纳滤（NF）和超滤（UF）边界孔径的膜，可以在较低的压力下应用且具有较高的选择性，应用前景广阔，尤其在生物质和废水资源化方面表现出明显的优势，是目前的研究热点之一。介绍了近年来关于LNF膜在运行机理、制备方法和应用范围等方面的研究进展；重点介绍了目前LNF膜的制备方法，这些方法主要是通过提升膜表面的亲水性来提升膜的分离性能。主要包括最基本的制备方法（相转化法、界面聚合法），以及在此基础上发展起来的贻贝启发沉积法、有机无机杂化法等，并阐述了根据不同的应用环境，针对性地采用不同方法所制得膜的性能特点及其优势。由于不断提升的标准和越来越注重的资源循环需求，LNF膜在资源回收和废水处理领域都展现出了不俗的表现。最后结合LNF膜近年来的研究进展，对其未来的研究方向和应用前景进行了展望，为未来疏松纳滤膜的性能提升和应用提供参考。

关键词: 疏松纳滤膜, 相转化, 界面聚合

Abstract:

Loose nanofiltration（LNF） is a nanofiltration separation technique that is developing rapidly and getting a lot of research in recent years. Due to its high selectivity in nanofiltration and strong ability to operate under lower pressure，LNF membrane，a membrane with nanofiltration（NF） and ultrafiltration（UF） boundary apertures，has become a research hot spot with broad application prospect. It exhibits distinct advantages in resource recovery from biomass and wastewater. The recent developments of LNF membranes in terms of operating mechanism，preparation methods，and application scope were reviewed. The current preparation methods of LNF films were mainly introduced，which was to improve the separation performance of membrane by improving the hydrophilicity of membrane surface. The most basic preparation methods of LNF membrane（phase transformation method，interface polymerization method），and the research progress of mussel inspired deposition method，organic-inorganic hybrid method etc developed on the basis of these methods were mainly introduced. Also，the performance characteristics and advantages of the films prepared by different methods according to different application environments were described. In terms of the application of LNF membranes，due to the increasing standards and focus on the demand for resource recycling，LNF membranes show excellent performance in the fields of resource recycling and wastewater treatment. In the end，combined with the recent research progress，the future research directions and application prospects of the LNF membranes were discussed. It provides reference for the performance improvement and future application of porous nanofiltration membrane.

Key words: loose nanofiltration membrane, phase inversion, interfacial polymerization

中图分类号:

X703
TQ028.8

樊华, 王一雯, 姜钦亮, 范敏, 桂双林, 韩飞. 高性能疏松纳滤膜的制备研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2022, 42(5): 1-10.

Hua FAN, Yiwen WANG, Qinliang JIANG, Min FAN, Shuanglin GUI, Fei HAN. Research progress of preparation of high performance loose nanofiltration membranes[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2022, 42(5): 1-10.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2022/V42/I5/1

图/表 6

表1 商业LNF膜主要信息

Table 1 Main information of commercial LNF membranes

生产供应商	膜名称	膜材料	截留分子质量（MWCO）/u	水通量/（L·m^-2·h^-1·MPa^-1）	盐截留率/%	参考文献
GE Osmonics	DK	聚酰胺	~150~300	100	96.0（MgSO₄）	〔8〕
GE Osmonics	NDX	聚酰胺	500~700	79~101	95.0（MgSO₄）	〔9〕
Microdyn Nadir	TriSep SBNF	醋酸纤维素	~150	120~177	97.0（MgSO₄）	〔10〕
Ultura	Sepro NF 2A	聚酰胺	529	101	21.2（NaCl）	〔11〕
Ultura	Sepro NF 6	聚酰胺	847	167	7.3（NaCl）	〔11〕

图1 中空纤维膜制备工艺示意图及穿透的指状孔隙和密松结构的形成机理

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of hollow fiber membrane preparation process and formation mechanism of penetrating fingerlike pores and dense pine structure

图2 SPEI和三聚氯化苯交联

Fig. 2 Cross-linked SPEI with tripolychlorobenzene

图3 纳滤复合膜的总体制备工艺示意

Fig. 3 Schematic illustration of the overall preparation process of the NF composite membrane

图4 Ca²⁺在聚合物层中原位生长过程

Fig. 4 Ca²⁺ grows in situ in the polymer layer

图5 电渗析与LNF膜

Fig. 5 Electrodialysis and LNF membrane

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