美国地下水放射性污染治理管理策略研究

张宇航,高亚华,武明亮,王永仙,郭丽潇,梁宇

Radioactive pollution control and remediation management of groundwater in the United States

Yuhang Zhang,Yahua Gao,Mingliang Wu,Yongxian Wang,Lixiao Guo,Yu Liang

表2 饮用水中β或中子核素的活度浓度

核素 pCi/L H-3 20 000 Be-7 6 000 C-14 2 000 F-18 2 000 Na-22 400 Na-24 600 Si-31 3 000 P-32 30 S-35 500 Cl-36 700 Cl-38 1 000 K-42 900 Ca-45 10 Ca-47 80 Sc-46 100 Sc-47 300 Sc-48 80 V-48 90 Cr-51 6 000 Mn-52 90 Mn-54 300 Mn-56 300 Fe-55 2 000 Fe-59 200 Co-57 1 000 Co-58 300 Co-58m 9 000 Co-60 100 Ni-59 300 Ni-63 50 Ni-65 300 Cu-64 900 Zn-65 300 Zn-69 6 000 Zn-69m 200 Ga-72 100 Ge-71 6 000 As-73 1 000 As-74 100 As-76 60 As-77 200 Se-75 900 Br-82 100 Rb-86 600 Rb-87 300 Sr-85m 20 000 Sr-85 900 Sr-89 20 Sr-90 8 Sr-91 200 Sr-92 200 Y-90 60 Y-91 90 Y-91m 9 000 Y-92 200 Y-93 90 Zr-93 2 000 Zr-95 200 Zr-97 60 Nb-93m 1 000 Nb-95 300 Nb-97 3 000 Mo-99 600 Tc-96 300 Tc-96m 30 000 Tc-97 6 000 Tc-97m 1 000 Tc-99 900 Tc-99m 20 000 Ru-97 1 000 Ru-103 200 Ru-105 200 Ru-106 30 Rh-103m 30 000 Rh-105 300 Pd-103 900 Pd-109 300 Ag-105 300 Ag-110m 90 Ag-111 100 Cd-109 600 Cd-115 90 Cd-115m 90 In-113m 3 000 In-114m 60 In-115 300 In-115m 1 000 Sn-113 300 Sn-125 60 Sb-122 90 Sb-124 60 Sb-125 300 Te-125m 600 Te-127 900 Te-127m 200 Te-129 2 000 Te-129m 90 Te-131m 800 Te-132 90 I-126 3 I-129 1 I-131 3 I-132 90 I-133 10 I-134 100 I-135 30 Cs-131 20 000 Cs-134 80 Cs-134m 20 000 Cs-135 900 Cs-136 800 Cs-137 200 Ba-131 600 Ba-140 90 La-140 60 Ce-141 300 Ce-143 100 Ce-144 30 Pr-142 90 Pr-143 100 Nd-147 200 Nd-149 900 Pm-147 600 Pm-149 100 Sm-151 1 000 Sm-153 200 Eu-152 200 Eu-154 60 Eu-155 600 Gd-153 600 Gd-159 200 Tb-160 100 Dy-165 1 000 Dy-166 100 Ho-166 90 Er-169 300 Er-171 300 Tm-170 100 Tm-171 1 000 Yb-175 300 Lu-177 300 Hf-181 200 Ta-182 100 W-181 1000 W-185 300 W-187 200 Re-186 300 Re-187 9 000 Re-188 200 Os-185 200 Os-191 600 Os-191m 9 000 Os-193 200 Ir-190 600 Ir-192 100 Ir-194 90 Pt-191 300 Pt-193 3 000 Pt-193m 3 000 Pt-197 300 Pt-197m 3 000 Au-196 600 Au-198 100 Au-199 600 Hg-197 900 Hg-197m 600 Hg-203 60 Ti-200 1 000 Ti-201 900 Ti-202 300 Ti-204 300 Pb-203 1 000 Bi-206 100 Bi-208 200 Pa-230 600 Pa-233 300 Np-239 300 Pu-241 300 Ba-249 2 000