摘要： 采用化学氧化法应急处理甲醛污染饮用水源，探讨H₂O₂、NaClO、Ca（ClO）₂、KMnO₄、K₂FeO₄这5种氧化剂在典型浓度下投加量、pH、时间、温度等反应条件对甲醛废水的去除效果并找出最佳工艺条件。结果表明，H₂O₂、NaClO、Ca（ClO）₂可作为应急处理甲醛污染饮用水源的药剂，典型浓度下处理的最佳工艺条件：常规pH条件下反应30 min，当水中甲醛浓度依次超标10、20、50、100、200、500、1 000倍时，0~20℃时分别投加20 g/L Ca（ClO）₂、100 mL/LNaClO（8%）、25 g/L Ca（ClO）₂、200 mL/L NaClO、100 g/L Ca（ClO）₂、300 mL/L NaClO、400 mL/L NaClO；20~35℃时适宜投加H₂O₂（30%），分别投加60、100、120、250、400、600、800 mL/L。经处理后甲醛浓度基本能降到标限以内，甲醛去除率可达到99%以上。

关键词: 化学氧化法, 甲醛污染饮用水源, 应急处理

Abstract: The chemical oxidation method has been used for the emergency treatment of formaldehyde polluted drinking water sources. The removing effects of five kinds of oxidants,including H₂O₂,NaClO,Ca(ClO)₂,KMnO₄ and K₂FeO₄,on formaldehyde wastewater,under the following reaction conditions,such as dosages with typical concentrations,pH value,reaction time,temperature,initial concentration of pollutants,etc.,as well as the optimal process conditions,have been investigated. The results show that H₂O₂,NaClO and Ca(ClO)₂ can be used as the best chemical agents for emergency treatment of formaldehyde polluted drinking water sources. Under typical concentrations,the optimal treatment process conditions are as follows:the reaction time is 30 min,under conventional pH conditions. When the concentrations of formaldehyde in water exceed the standard in sequence of 10,20,50,100,200,500, 1 000 times,and the temperature is 0-20℃,Ca(ClO)₂ 20 g/L,NaClO(8%) 100 mL/L,Ca(ClO)₂ 25 g/L,NaClO 200 mL/L,Ca(ClO)₂ 100 g/L,NaClO 300 mL/L,and NaClO 400 mL/L ought to be added. When the temperature is 20-35℃,it is suitable to add H₂O₂(30%),adding 60,100,120,250,400,600,800 mL/L respectively. After the treatment,the formaldehyde concentration can basically be reduced below the standard limit value,and the removing rate can be above 99%.

Key words: chemical oxidation method, formaldehyde polluted drinking water source, emergency treatment

中图分类号: 

• X703.1