摘要：

针对某氧化锆企业的伴生放射性废水成分复杂、高腐蚀性、放射性核素浓度较高、水质水量波动大等处理难点，采用载带吸附+中和沉淀+过滤的高效处理工艺，实现了废水的稳定达标排放。介绍了处理工艺的设计要点、工艺流程、设计参数、辐射防护设计、运行效果和经济分析等。工程实践表明，该工艺运行效果良好，稳定高效，U和Th的总去除率≥99.7%，²²⁶Ra去除率≥98.6%。处理后出水（U+Th）质量浓度＜0.1 mg/L，²²⁶Ra活度浓度＜1.1 Bq/L，优于《伴生放射性矿开发利用环境辐射限值（报批稿初稿）》和《稀土工业污染物排放标准》（GB 26451—2011）中的排放限值。工程有效消减了放射性核素对区域河道水体的污染，保障了人民身体健康，具有显著的环境效益，可为伴生放射性矿产开发利用企业的伴生放射性废水处理提供参考借鉴。

关键词: 伴生放射性废水, 氧化锆, 废水处理工艺, 设计要点

Abstract:

In view of the difficulties in the treatment of the associated radioactive wastewater of a zirconia enterprise with complex composition，high corrosiveness，high concentration of radionuclides，and large fluctuations in water quality and water quantity，the high-efficiency treatment process of carrier adsorption+neutralization sedimentation+filtration was adopted. It had realized the stable discharge of wastewater up to the standard. This paper introduced the design points，process flow，design parameters，radiation protection design，operation effect and economic analysis of the treatment process. Engineering practice showed that the process worked well and run stable and efficient，the total removal rate of U and Th was more than 99.7%，and the removal rate of ²²⁶Ra was more than 98.6%. The concentration of （U+Th） in the effluent after treatment was less than 0.1 mg/L，and the activity concentration of ²²⁶Ra was less than 1.1 Bq/L. The effluent index was better than the emission limits in Environmental Radiation Limits for the Development and Utilization of Associated Radioactive Mines（first draft for approval） and Emission Standards for Rare Earth Industrial Pollutants（GB 26451—2011）. The project effectively reduced the radionuclide pollution to regional river water bodies，ensured people’s health，and had significant environmental benefits. It provided a reference for the treatment of associated radioactive wastewater in the development and utilization of associated radioactive minerals.

Key words: associated radioactive waste water, zirconia, wastewater treatment process, design points

中图分类号: 

• X703