硫化铜/聚乙烯醇多孔水凝胶的制备及太阳能界面蒸发性能

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0795

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

使用硫代硫酸钠为硫源，硫酸铜为铜源，通过水热法合成硫化铜（CuS）颗粒，随后以CuS作为光热转换材料，聚乙烯醇（PVA）水凝胶作为基底，通过冷冻干燥法制备CuS/PVA多孔复合凝胶，研究了m（CuS）∶m（PVA）、凝胶固含量和光照强度对海水淡化效率的影响。结果表明，光热转换材料CuS占比越高，复合凝胶对太阳能的吸收性能、光热转换效果以及海水淡化性能越好。固含量10%，m（CuS）∶m（PVA）=0.2∶1时制备的CuS/PVA（0.2，10%）多孔凝胶对太阳光的吸收率可以达到94%，在1 sun（1 kW/m²）照射7 min后凝胶表面最高温度可达72.4 ℃。通过模拟海水蒸发实验发现，CuS/PVA（0.2，10%）、CuS/PVA（0.2，15%）多孔水凝胶具有最佳的太阳能蒸发性能，在1 sun照射下，水蒸发速率为1.92 kg/（m²∙h）和1.93 kg/（m²∙h），蒸发效率为90.8%和91.3%，具有优异的海水淡化能力。

关键词: 太阳能界面蒸发, 光热转换, 硫化铜, 聚乙烯醇水凝胶

Abstract:

Copper sulfide(CuS) was synthesized by hydrothermal method with using sodium thiosulfate as the sulfur source and copper sulfate as the copper source. Then CuS/PVA porous composite hydrogel was prepared by freeze-drying method with CuS as the photothermal conversion material and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) hydrogel as the base. The effects of mass ratio of CuS and PVA, solid content of hydrogel and light intensity on seawater desalination efficiency were investigated. The results indicated that a higher proportion of the photothermal conversion material content CuS led to better solar energy absorption, photothermal conversion efficiency,and seawater desalination performance of the composite hydrogel. The CuS/PVA (0.2,10%) porous hydrogel with m(CuS)∶m(PVA)=0.2∶1 and solid content of 10% achieved a solar light absorption rate of 94%, and the surface temperature reached the highest temperature of 72.4 ℃ after 7 minutes of irradiation under 1 sun (1 kW/m²). Simulated seawater evaporation experiments revealed that CuS/PVA (0.2, 10%) hydrogel and porous hydrogel CuS/PVA (0.2, 15%) exhibited optimal solar evaporation performace. Under 1 sun irradiation, the evaporation rate of water was 1.92 kg/(m²∙h) and 1.93 kg/(m²∙h), with evaporation efficiencies of 90.8% and 91.3%, respectively, demonstrating excellent seawater desalination capacity.

Key words: solar interfacial evaporation, photothermal conversion, copper sulfide, polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel

中图分类号:

P747
TK519

余佳慧, 高慧星, 李俊壮, 黄鹏东, 杨金磊. 硫化铜/聚乙烯醇多孔水凝胶的制备及太阳能界面蒸发性能[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(7): 104-112.

Jiahui YU, Huixing GAO, Junzhuang LI, Pengdong HUANG, Jinlei YANG. Preparation of porous copper sulfide/ployvinyl alcohol hydrogel and its solar interfacial evaporation performance[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(7): 104-112.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I7/104

图/表 11

图1 CuS粉末的制备流程

Fig.1 The preparation process of CuS powder

图2 CuS/PVA多孔复合凝胶的制备流程

Fig.2 The preparation process of CuS/PVA porous composite hydrogel

图3 海水淡化装置

Fig.3 Seawater desalination equipment

图4 不同凝胶样品的光学照片（a）纯PVA凝胶；（b）CuS/PVA（0.05，10%）；（c）CuS/PVA（0.1，10%）；（d）CuS/PVA（0.2，10%）。

Fig.4 Optical photos of different hydrogel samples

图5 不同样品的SEM （a~c）CuS粉末的SEM图像；（d~f）CuS/PVA多孔复合凝胶的断面SEM图像；（g~i）CuS/PVA多孔复合凝胶的表面SEM。

Fig.5 SEM images of different samples

图6 不同样品的XRD谱图和FTIR谱图

Fig.6 XRD and FTIR spectra of different samples

图7 不同凝胶样品的接触角和光吸收性能

Fig.7 Contact angles and optical absorption properties of different gel samples

图8 不同样品的蒸发焓和热稳定性

Fig.8 Evaporation enthalpy and thermal stability of different samples

图9 CuS/PVA多孔水凝胶的光热性能（a）不同样品在1 sun下的升温曲线；（b）0.5、1、2、3 sun下CuS/PVA（0.2，10%）多孔水凝胶的最终温度。

Fig.9 Photothermal performance of CuS/PVA porous hydrogels

图10 不同凝胶样品的海水蒸发性能及CuS/PVA（0.2，10%）的稳定性

Fig.10 Seawater evaporation performance of different hydrogels samples and stability of CuS/PVA（0.2，10%）

表1 不同多孔水凝胶样品的蒸发速率和蒸发效率

Table 1 Evaporation rate and evaporation efficiency of CuS/PVA porous hydrogels

样品	蒸发速率/（kg·m^-2·h^-1）	蒸发效率/%
海水	0.47	29.7
纯PVA	0.53	33.7
CuS/PVA（0.05，10%）	0.96	50.3
CuS/PVA（0.1，10%）	1.41	69.8
CuS/PVA（0.2，10%）	1.92	90.8
CuS/PVA（0.2，5%）	1.18	56.0
CuS/PVA（0.2，15%）	1.93	91.3

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