The conditions for the preparation of activated carbon from corn cob as raw material,treated with NaHCO3 as activating agent,through microwave radiation have been optimized by response surface method(RSM) and central composite design(CCD).The effects of the radiation power,radiation time,and impregnation ratio on the adsorption capacity and yield results are investigated.The optimum conditions for preparing activated carbon from corn cob are as follows:radiation power is 385.74 W,radiation time 5 min and impregnation ratio 4.The experimental and predicted results for the adsorption capacity on methylene blue(MB) and yield of AC are 241.76 mg/g,27.39% and 253 mg/g,28.28%,respectively.The predicted adsorption capacity and yield after process optimization conform to the experimental values,verifying the efficiency of the model.

The sources,harmfulness and treatment technologies currently used for treating heavy metal　wastewater　are summarized. Conventional methods including chemical precipitation,electro　chemistry,adsorption,and membrane　separating methods,and new treatment technologies including　nano-technology, photo-catalytic technique,new mesoporous materials and gene engineering technique　are introduced. The mechanisms,research progress,advantages　and disadvantages of the above　treatment techniques are reviewed. The developing trends of these techniques　applied to the treatment of heavy metal wastewater are elaborated.

The degradation of organic wastewater by coated photocatalyst has promising future. And the immobilized photocatalyst is attracting people day by day with its specific merits.The preparation and application of TiO₂-coated photocatalyst are discussed after the brief statement of normal uncoated photocatalyst degrading organic wastewater.

The performance of a dynamic membrane bioreactor by using the filter cloth as main material for domestic wastewater treatment at lowtemperatures (9～13 ℃) has been studied. The dynamic membrane could be formed on the surface of the filter cloth soon and develop steadily. When the permeate turbidity is less than 9.5 NTU. TSS is zeroat the most operation time, and its highest level is 5.0 mg/L, the CODand NH 3 -Nremoval rates are 72%~89% and 66%～94%, respectively. The total resistance of the dynamic membrane is lower than that of the microfiltration/ ultrafiltration membrane 2～3 numeral classes. Cake layer resistance is the major pollution resistance.

It expounds the chemical methods,principle,new development and their applied prospect of phosphorus removal from wastewater. Based on this, it is suggested that the research of the chemical methods of phosphorus removal should be diverted healthfully along with the exploitation of new medicament,the combination of chemical methods with biological methods and combined medicament casting.

The factors that result in the corrosion of stainless steel in circulating water are analyzed.The mechanism and forms of the stainless steel corrosion caused by chloride ions are discussed.It is pointed out that the critical chlorine ion concentration which causes stress etching of stainless steel can be affected by various factors,such as water quality,temperature,flow velocity,bacteria,water treatment agents,etc.In order to formulate reasonable controlling indexes of chloride ions,the premise should be making the circulating water treatment scheme perfect.Attention should also be paid to water saving and emission reduction,at the time of making the production run smoothly.

Polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA) is a new non phosphorus, non nitrogenous, environmentally friendly scale inhibitor. The performance of scale inhibition of PESA is evaluated by scale static beaker tests of CaCO₃CaSO₄·2H₂O?BaSO₄SrSO₄CaF₂ . The experimental results show that PESA has excellent scale inhibition for CaCO₃ ?BaSO₄SrSO₄CaF₂ and a certain extent scale inhibition for CaSO ₄·2H₂O, and is a versatile scale inhibitor.

The HPLC method for determining phenylhydrazine hydrochloride in industrial wastewater has been established.The chromatogram conditions are as follows:Kromasil-C₁₈ column(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),velocity of flow 1 mL/min,column temperature 30 ℃,sample volume 10 μL,mobile phase is V(methanol):V(8 mmol/L KH₂PO₄+4 mmol/L K₂HPO₄)=35:65,and wavelength 235 nm.The results show that the method offeres good linearity from 0.1-100 mg/L,average recovery rate is 98.2% and RSD 1.06%.This method is characterized by easy operation,and rapid and accurate analysis.

Oil-bearing wastewater has been paid great attention to and its treatment processes, such as physiochemical treatments, biochemical treatments, chemical treatments are reviewed. Most advantages and disadvantages of most of the treatments are summarized and appraised respectively. The latest research achievements and some prospects in this field are also presented. Fundamental research of oil-bearing wastewater treatment has to be taken into account and researches on oil-removing mechanism must be strengthened. The correlation of the key components of oil-bearing wastewater must be made sure. Clean production must be treasured and its discharge has to be decreased and its reuse must be considered strictly

Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) is arecently developed process to treat organic waste water. The working principle of BAF (up flow and down flow) is presented. Compared with traditional activated sludge system, the main advantages of BAF has stronger treating capacity, better treating effect, less relationship with temperature, higher capacity for absorbing shock load, no requirement for secondary settlement tank, simpler technology flow and more reasonable bacterium structure. The characteristic and application of typical BAF process, at home and abroad, are analysed. What's more, the key technique of BAF about the removal of P and N and its pre-treatment are discussed. BAF process has prosperous future in our country.

Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS) plays an important role in biological wastewater treatment. Theresearches in recent years on the components, structure, physical and chemical properties of EPS, both in China andabroad, are reviewed. The research progress of EPS applied to biological wastewater treatment fields, such asmembrane pollution, sludge characteristics, biological dephosphorization and heavy metal adsorption capacities, issummarized．

Chemical precipitation process is a traditional water treatment process,having many advantages,such as mature technology,little investment,low cost,highly automatic level,etc.and has been applied extensively in the world.The research development of the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals and expounds the advantages and disadvantages of three kinds of chemical precipitation processes,the effects of influencing factors on heavy metal removing rates,and the research directions in the future are introduced mainly.

The preparation techniques of immerse precipitation, thermally induced phase separation and thermally assisted evaporative separation for PVDF microporous membrane are reviewed. The research focuses on the effects of solvents, non-solvents, coagulation temperature, additives, evaporation time on the properties and structure of PVDF membranes. The hydrophilic modification of PVDF microporous membrane is introduced briefly.

Photocatalytic reaction mechanism of nano-TiO₂ is introduced.The progress in the research on the application of nano-TiO₂ photocatalytic technology to the degradation of wastewater containing oil stain,pesticides,dyeing,surfactant,other organic compounds and heavy metals,and wastewater from paper making is reviewed.The five factors that has limited the practical application of nano-TiO₂ photocatalytic technology,such as themodification,immobility，preparation method,and application mechanism of nano-TiO₂ and their negative influences on the application of nano-TiO₂ are pointed out.Researchers should make continuous improvements on nano-TiO₂ photocatalytic technology,so as to make its application to the treatment of industrial wastewater become broader and more effective.

³¹P -NMRchemical shifts of some organo-phosphorous compounds are reported.These compounds include phosphonate(phosphonic acid), phosphonous acid and phosphinic acid.They are chemicals for cooling water treatment both at home and abroad.

Aiming at the situations that coagulation effectiveness gets low easily，due to the water quality of raw water，and water quantity，it is necessary to adjust the dosage of coagulant timely and accurately. In order to make the water quality reach the best，a series of simulated coagulation experiments have been carried out. The effect of different coagulant dosages on the removal efficiency of raw water turbidity is investigated. Based on the coagulation experimental data，which were obtained from the conventional water quality experiments made by water treatment plants，and coagulatio curve graphs，three ways of determining the best dosage of coagulant are proposed. It is a new attempt at using coagulants effectively and running water supply plants economically，so as to reach the goal of reducing expenditures and lowering consumptions.

The effect of turbidity removal methods，pH and hues on the chroma measurement of industrial wastewater has been investigated，and the relationship between dilution ratio （DR） and ADMI values has been analyzed. The results show that the 0.45 μm filter membrane is more suitable for turbidity removal before chroma measurement. When pH is in the range from 6.0-9.0，the effect of pH difference on the chroma could be negligible.In addition，the correlation between the DR and ADMI values bears no relation to hues，DR =0.19 ×ADMI31（R2＞0.991）.

The ZSM- 5 zeolite with high ratio of silicon to aluminium is used for adsorbing aniline in water.The results show that the ratio of adsorption of the ZSM- 5 zeolite for aniline is very rapid and its removal rate > 90% when the adsorption time is 5 min. The removal rates of aniline in water is 95.7% when the ratio of zeolite to wastewater is 8 g/L. With the increase of pH, the adsorption rate of aniline on zeolite increase. With the increase of temperature, the adsorption rate of aniline on zeolite increase but reaches 96% even under normal temperature. The saturation adsorbing capacities of aniline is 37.322 5 mg/g, and its regularity of adsorption accords with isothermal adsorption model of Langmuir. In fact, the results of the treatment of ani line -bearing wastewater indicate that ZSM- 5 zeolite is not only able to remove aniline, but remove COD_Cr and NH₃-N very efficiently.

Moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR), is used in highly effective wastewater treatment, having the advantage of both traditional actived sludge process and biofilm wastewater disposing process. The general process principle of MBBR has been introduced simply, and its process characteristic that differs from other biofilm reactor has been explained. With different process conditions, its current research and application in the treatment of industrial wastwater, municipal wastewater and biological phosphorus or nitrogen removal are summarized. Simultaneously, aiming at the problems that exist in current research, its development direction and application foreground are pointed out.

The new development of the determination of ozone concentration both in China and abroad are introduced. It mainly includes the newachievement of researches on iodometric method, spectrophotometry method, chemical-luminescence method, electrochemical method etc. The advantages, disadvantages and applicability of various methods are different. Therefore, the choice of application should be made depending on the actual situation and the determining requirments. Which one is the best can also be determined by the comparison of various results.

Wet lime(stone)-gypsum flue gas desulfurization(FGD) is the most popular process at present worldwide,but wastewater containing a lot of pollutants in the process occurs.The specialty of the wastewater is described.In addition,the treatment method and progress of research on the steps,such as neutralization,precipitation,flocculation and sludge dewatering,etc,are reviewed briefly.At the end,some deficiencies of the process are pointed out.

The development of domestic oilfield is directly related to the national energy security. The domestic oilfield development and production resulted in the generation of large amount of wastewater. The efficient treatment and resource utilization of oilfield wastewater is the key to the green and low-carbon development of China’s petroleum industry. At present，coagulation has become an indispensable technology during oilfield wastewater treatment because of its maturity，economic efficiency and practicability. In this paper，the status and progress of coagulation process in oilfield wastewater treatment were reviewed. The commonly used coagulation process in oilfield wastewater treatment were emphatically introduced. The typical coagulants used in oilfield wastewater treatment were also illustrated. Furthermore，the removal performances and characteristics of novel composite coagulants were specified. On this basis，the processes for enhancing the coagulation performance were introduced. In addition，combining with the practical engineering application，the problems within the coagulation process and the development direction were evaluated emphatically. It was hoped to provide references for the research，development and application of coagulation in oilfield wastewater treatment.

Calcium chloride has been used for removing highly concentrated phosphorus from wastewater. The influences of various factors, such as the dosage of calcium chloride, reaction time, pH, precipitation time on the phosphorus removal efficiency are investigated. Calcium chloride has good phosphorus removal capacity. The phosphorus removal rate can reach 99.98%, when n（Ca）: n(P)=1.18:1, reaction time 30 min, pH=9, and precipitation time 30 min. The phosphorus content in the precipitate formed is 13.68%or over, reaching the high purity of phosphorus content in phosphorus ore. The technology is of significant importance for the recycle of wastewater containing ultra-high concentration of phosphorus.

The wastewater from juice processing is a kind of highly concentrated organic wastewater. It is charac-terized by having lots of solid extraneous components， high organism concentration， frequent changes in water qual-ity and quantity. The research on the treatment technology of juice wastewater still lags behind that of other organicwastewaters with high concentration， such as alcohol wastewater， starch wastewater， dyeing and printing wastewa-ter， paper-making wastewater， etc. At present， there are not many research and engineering examples on juicewastewater treatment. Therefore， the purpose of author is to make a systematic summary on the current situation ofjuice wastewater treatment research.

Aiming at the phenomena,such as the presence,migration and conversion of environmental estrogens (EEs),the source,hazard,typical distribution of EEs existed in sewage,and their main technical progress are summarized. Meanwhile,some key techniques and relevant mechanisms that need to be worked out are proposed, including that the detection method of EEs in sludge should be improved,the contrast of EEs removal in different processing units should be analyzed in depth,and the effects of sludge on the adsorption mechanisms and influencing factors of EEs should be systematically studied.

Zeolite is a kind of aluminosilicate mineral which has excellent adsorption and ion exchange properties. It has a wide range of applications for environmental treatment. The research progress in the application of zeolite in the environmental field, especially in wastewater treatment is introduced. Furthermore, the applications of zeolite to the removal of ammonia nitrogen, organic pollutants, heavy metals, radioactive substances, fluorine, etc. from water are summarized emphatically.

The ion exchange membrane technique,a kind of potential separat ion method, have broad prospects in the treatment of liquid waste.The study and application of it have been summarized in treating metallurgy liquid waste with the technique such as elect rodialysis,electromembrane processing and diffusion dialysis,etc.This technique can save both energy and raw material.The technics process is simple.There is no secondary pollution.The saline electrochemistry decomposition can also be realized.In this process,the component parts are fully recovered.The equipment is quite compact and easy to operate.However, as to industrialize this technique, the study of ion exchange membrane synthesis must be strengthened, and the equipment should be improved according to the characteristics of metallurgy liquid waste.The study and application can promote each other mutually.

A review with 36 refs.on the application of magnesium hy droxide to industrial wastewater t reatment,including the neut ralizing agent of acidic wastewater,the removal of heavy metals from wastewater,the removal of N-P and other substances,the trend of development of mag nesium hy droxide in China.

Magnesium ammonium phosphate(MAP)is a method adopts the principle of chemical precipitation and it is applied to the removal of highly concentrated ammonium-nitrogen wastewater,to produce magnesium ammonium phosphate by using Na₂HPO₄and MgSO₄through orthogonal technical treatment processing.Then the best processing conditions are determined.Under the best conditions,the results show that ammonia removal rate is95%and the remained phosphorus concentration is less than6mg /L,which create the conditions of further biological treatment.

Chlorine dioxide is a new type of effective disinfectant. The properties of chlorine dioxide are reviewed. Advances in the production processe s of chlorine dioxide are reported with different chemical and electrolytic tech niques by using chlorate and chlorite as main materials. Techniques of steady ch lorine dioxide are also introduced. It is pointed out that the developments of p reparation technique of the chlorine dioxide tends to reduce cost, condense flo w and look for cheaper reducing agent.