AAOAO工艺的N<sub>2</sub>O排放规律及生成机理

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0312

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

污水处理的温室气体排放问题越来越受到重视，N₂O是城市污水处理厂排放的重要温室气体之一。以华南某采用AAOAO工艺的地下式污水处理厂为研究对象，分析了N₂O的排放规律和生成机理。通过实地监测发现，该污水处理厂的N₂O排放总量为11.108 kg/d，生化处理阶段和沉淀阶段的N₂O排放量较高，占排放总量的比例分别达到60%和29%。基于AAOAO工艺污水处理厂全流程的N₂O排放因子为9.57×10^-4 kg/kg（以N₂O-N/TN_influent计），远低于联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）推荐值，不同工艺的N₂O排放因子差异较大，需根据实际情况选择合适的排放因子进行N₂O排放核算。通过分析AAOAO工艺微生物群落结构及氮代谢路径发现，该工艺中的主要脱氮菌属为Comamonas、Azonexus和Desulfobacillus，且相对丰度较高，有利于实现高效脱氮。此外，N₂O还原酶（nosZ）的KO路径丰度高于NO还原酶（norB）的KO路径丰度约234%，能较快将N₂O催化转化为N₂，减少N₂O的排放。

关键词: 氧化亚氮, AAOAO工艺, 排放因子, 温室气体

Abstract:

More and more attention has been paid to the problem of greenhouse gas emission in sewage treatment. N₂O is an important greenhouse gas discharged from municipal sewage treatment plants. The emission rule and generation mechanism of N₂O were analyzed in an underground wastewater treatment plant using AAOAO process in South China. On-site monitoring showed that the total N₂O emission from the wastewater treatment plant amounted to 11.108 kg/d, with the biological reaction and sedimentation phases contributing significantly to these emissions, accounting for 60% and 29%, respectively. The N₂O emission factor for the entire AAOAO process at the plant was 9.57×10^-4 kg/kg(N₂O-N/TN_influent), which was substantially lower than the values recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC). This suggested that there was a significant variation in N₂O emission factors among different treatment processes. Therefore, selecting the appropriate emission factor based on actual conditions was crucial for accurate N₂O emission accounting. Analysis of the microbial community structure and nitrogen metabolic pathways in the AAOAO process identified that the main denitrification genera were Comamonas, Azonexus and Desulfobacillus, which were relatively abundant and conducive to efficient nitrogen removal. The KO pathway abundances of N₂O reductase(nosZ) were approximately 234% more than that of NO reductase(norB), enabling a faster catalyzation of N₂O into N₂, thereby reducing N₂O emission.

Key words: nitrous oxide, AAOAO process, emission factor, greenhouse gas

中图分类号:

吴珊, 李浩, 杜至力, 刘颖诗, 于翔, 董浩韬, 罗凡, 闫晓莉. AAOAO工艺的N₂O排放规律及生成机理[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(5): 135-142.

Shan WU, Hao LI, Zhili DU, Yingshi LIU, Xiang YU, Haotao DONG, Fan LUO, Xiaoli YAN. Nitrous oxide emission rule and generation mechanisms in the AAOAO process[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(5): 135-142.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I5/135

图/表 8

表1 污水处理厂进出水水质

Table 1 Influent and effluent quality of the WWTP

项目

COD

BOD₅

NH₄ ⁺-N

进水

52~594

（219.9）

20.5~337.1

（119.8）

12.1~40.0

（28.1）

6.9~35.8

（26.3）

出水

3.9~15.0

（8.9）

0.30~4.60

（1.18）

4.8~10.6

（7.7）

0.02~1.04

（0.16）

图1 污水处理厂工艺流程和取样点分布示意

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of wastewater treatment plant process flow and sampling points

图2 污水处理厂沿程N₂O排放量和污染物质量浓度变化

Fig.2 Changes of N₂O emission and pollutant concentration along sewage treatment plant

图3 各处理阶段的N₂O排放因子

Fig.3 N₂O emission factors of each treatment stage

图4 门水平下微生物相对丰度

Fig.4 Microbial relative abundance at phylum level

图5 属水平下微生物相对丰度

Fig.5 Microbial relative abundance at genus level

图6 氮代谢路径累积KO丰度

Fig.6 Cumulative KO abundances in nitrogen metabolic pathways

图7 AAOAO工艺氮代谢路径分析

Fig.7 Nitrogen metabolic pathway of the AAOAO process

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