低温同步短程硝化反硝化可行性研究

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-0801

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解决市政废水生物脱氮过程中碳源不足的问题，利用多循环序批式反应器（MCSBR）建立了基于混合生物膜和悬浮污泥的主流同步短程硝化反硝化工艺。重点考察了温度对生物膜、悬浮污泥短程硝化和反硝化效果的影响，并分析了低温条件下同步短程硝化反硝化的可行性。周期实验结果表明，在好氧阶段，NO₂ ^--N无显著上升，而总氮明显下降，且无明显的NO₃ ^--N积累，说明MCSBR内发生了同步短程硝化反硝化。随着温度的降低，氨氧化和反硝化容积负荷均呈下降趋势，但混合体系氨氧化活性始终低于其反硝化活性，保证了反硝化菌较亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）竞争NO₂ ^--N的优势。此外，高通量测序结果表明脱氮菌主要分布在生物膜中，受低温影响相对较小。因此，在低温条件下，通过反硝化菌与NOB竞争NO₂ ^--N，进而抑制NOB生长是可行的。

关键词: 市政废水, 温度, 多循环, 生物膜, 悬浮污泥

Abstract:

In order to solve carbon source shortage for the treatment of municipal wastewater，a mainstream simultaneous nitration and denitrification process was developed in a multi-cycle sequential batch reactor（MCSBR） with integrated biofilm and suspended sludge. The effect of temperature on nitration and denitrification of biofilm and/or suspended sludge was detailly investigated for the feasibility analysis of mainstream simultaneous nitration and denitrification process under low temperature. Cycle studies demonstrated that nitrite with little nitrate did not significantly increase，but total nitrogen significantly decreased in aerobic stage，indicating simultaneous nitration and denitrification taking place in MCSBR. Batch tests showed that both rates of ammonia oxidation and denitrification decreased with decreasing temperature，but nitration rate was slowed down more than denitrification rate，especially in the integrated biofilm and suspended sludge，which gave denitrifiers the competitive advantage in NO₂ ^--N over nitrite oxidizing bacteria（NOB）. Moreover，high-throughput sequencing data showed that N-removal bacteria mainly distributed in biofilm and were relatively less affected by low temperature. As such，it was feasible to suppress NOB using nitrite competition between NOB and denitrifiers under low temperature.

Key words: municipal wastewater, temperature, multi-cycle, biofilm, suspended sludge

中图分类号:

X703.1

张郅昊, 张群, 孙郁聪, 韩鹏, 陈元晗, 刘庆, 徐光景. 低温同步短程硝化反硝化可行性研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2022, 42(5): 83-88.

Zhihao ZHANG, Qun ZHANG, Yucong SUN, Peng HAN, Yuanhan CHEN, Qing LIU, Guangjing XU. Feasibility of simultaneous nitration and denitrification at low temperature[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2022, 42(5): 83-88.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2022/V42/I5/83

图/表 9

图1 MCSBR装置示意

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of MCSBR

表1 批式实验水质条件

Table 1 Water quality conditions of batch tests

项目

NH₄ ⁺-N/（mg·L^-1）

NO₂ ^- -N/

（mg·L^-1）

COD/

（mg·L^-1）

表2 MCSBR运行工况随温度变化

Table 2 The operation of MCSBR at different temperature

温度/℃	时间/d	TN去除率/%	NH₄ ⁺-N去除率/%	COD去除率/%
15±1	1~17	56.3	65.5	85.6
20±1	18~44	81.5	91.8	85.1
25±1	45~85	84.5	98.5	89.1

图2 单个子循环氮素浓度变化曲线

Fig. 2 Concentration profiles of nitrogen in one A/O cycle

图3 反硝化容积负荷随温度的变化情况

Fig. 3 Volume loading rate of denitrification at different temperature

图4 氨氧化反应受温度的影响情况

Fig. 4 Ammonium oxidation rates at different temperature

图5 氨氧化容积负荷随温度的变化情况

Fig. 5 Volume loading rate of ammonium oxidation at different temperature

图6 NO₂ ^--N浓度随温度变化情况

Fig. 6 Nitrite accumulation at different temperature

图7 MCSBR微生物组成

Fig. 7 Microbial composition of MCSBR

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