污泥脱水絮凝剂的研究进展及应用探索

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2022-1284

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

活性污泥法是污水生物处理最广泛使用的工艺之一。作为活性污泥法的主要副产物，剩余污泥的高含水率特性容易造成运输困难、资源化利用成本高、热值降低等问题，因此需要对其进行脱水。絮凝法因操作简便、反应速度快、适用范围广、脱水效果好等优点而被广泛应用于污泥脱水。详细阐述了不同絮凝剂的分类、优缺点及相关絮凝机理，系统归纳了各类絮凝剂的制备策略及在污泥脱水中的应用探索，探讨了污泥脱水絮凝剂未来的发展方向，以期为今后絮凝技术在污泥脱水中的应用提供参考。

关键词: 污泥脱水, 化学调理, 絮凝, 调理技术联用

Abstract:

Activated sludge process is one of the most widely used processes for wastewater biological treatment. As the main by-product of activated sludge process，sludge with the high moisture content easily results in various problems such as the difficult transportation，high cost of resource utilization，and low calorific value. Therefore，it is necessary to conduct the sludge dewatering. Flocculation is widely used in sludge dewatering due to its unique advantages including simple operation，fast reaction rate，extensive application scope and excellent dewatering performance. The composition，advantages and disadvantages，and related flocculation mechanisms of various flocculants are introduced in detail. Subsequently，the preparation strategies of various flocculants and their application in sludge dewatering are systematically summarized. Finally，the outlooks of various flocculants on sludge dewatering are presented in order to provide a reference for future research on the application of flocculation technology on sludge dewatering.

Key words: sludge dewatering, chemical conditioning, flocculation, combined conditioning technology

中图分类号:

X703.5

张洁, 赖月, 杨朝辉, 林皓, 周顺桂, 叶捷, 刘昌庚. 污泥脱水絮凝剂的研究进展及应用探索[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(2): 48-62.

Jie ZHANG, Yue LAI, Chaohui YANG, Hao LIN, Shungui ZHOU, Jie YE, Changgeng LIU. Research advance and application exploration of sludge dewatering flocculants[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(2): 48-62.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I2/48

图/表 9

参考文献 131

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种类	投加药剂	污泥比阻（SRF）/（10¹²m·kg^-1）		毛细吸附时间（CST）/s
种类	投加药剂	调理前	调理后	调理前	调理后
铝盐	9 g/L硫酸铝^〔31〕	25.2	9.1
	10%干污泥量的聚合氯化铝^〔32〕	1.7	0.6
	20 mg/g聚合氯化铝^〔33〕			52.2	~24.5
	20 mg/g聚合铝硅复合絮凝剂^〔33〕			52.2	~9.8
铁盐	4%干污泥量的氯化铁^〔34〕	0.5	0.2	24.2	13.4
	200 mg/g硫酸铁^〔35〕	6	1
	44 mg/g硫酸亚铁＋66 mg/g次氯酸钠^〔36〕			112	66
	3.31 mmol/g硫酸亚铁+3.68 mmol/g过氧化钙^〔37〕	21	4
	20 mg/L氯化铁-聚丙烯酰胺^〔29〕	1.62	0.05
钛盐	5 mg/g四氯化钛^〔38〕	~18	~8
	5 mg/g聚合四氯化钛^〔38〕	~18	~5
	4 mg/g聚合钛铝絮凝剂^〔29〕	3.7	1.2
	250 mg/g钛凝胶絮凝剂^〔39〕	220	8
	单位总悬浮固体投加0.005 g/g聚合氯化钛和0.03 g/g纳米氧化铁^〔40〕	~18	~7.5
	30 mg/g钛干凝胶-壳聚糖复合絮凝剂^〔41〕			21.1	9.7
钠盐	80 mmol/L氯化钠^〔30〕	23.5	8.1

种类	投加药剂	污泥比阻（SRF）/（10¹²m·kg^-1）		毛细吸附时间（CST）/s
种类	投加药剂	调理前	调理后	调理前	调理后
铝盐	9 g/L硫酸铝^〔31〕	25.2	9.1
	10%干污泥量的聚合氯化铝^〔32〕	1.7	0.6
	20 mg/g聚合氯化铝^〔33〕			52.2	~24.5
	20 mg/g聚合铝硅复合絮凝剂^〔33〕			52.2	~9.8
铁盐	4%干污泥量的氯化铁^〔34〕	0.5	0.2	24.2	13.4
	200 mg/g硫酸铁^〔35〕	6	1
	44 mg/g硫酸亚铁＋66 mg/g次氯酸钠^〔36〕			112	66
	3.31 mmol/g硫酸亚铁+3.68 mmol/g过氧化钙^〔37〕	21	4
	20 mg/L氯化铁-聚丙烯酰胺^〔29〕	1.62	0.05
钛盐	5 mg/g四氯化钛^〔38〕	~18	~8
	5 mg/g聚合四氯化钛^〔38〕	~18	~5
	4 mg/g聚合钛铝絮凝剂^〔29〕	3.7	1.2
	250 mg/g钛凝胶絮凝剂^〔39〕	220	8
	单位总悬浮固体投加0.005 g/g聚合氯化钛和0.03 g/g纳米氧化铁^〔40〕	~18	~7.5
	30 mg/g钛干凝胶-壳聚糖复合絮凝剂^〔41〕			21.1	9.7
钠盐	80 mmol/L氯化钠^〔30〕	23.5	8.1

种类	投加药剂	污泥比阻（SRF）/（10¹²m·kg^-1）		毛细吸附时间（CST）/s
种类	投加药剂	调理前	调理后	调理前	调理后
天然高分子絮凝剂	5 g/kg壳聚糖^〔70〕	152.0	22.7	93.9	60.5
	5 g/kg壳聚糖+10 g/kg接枝Fe^3+〔70〕	152.0	4.2	93.9	9.3
	20 mg/L阳离子接枝壳聚糖^〔16〕	18.3	2.1
	以单位总悬浮固体计投加8 mg/g阳离子接枝淀粉^〔71〕	2.1	0.4
	以单位总悬浮固体计投加6 mg/g阳离子接枝淀粉＋24 mg/g氯化铁^〔71〕	2.1	0.3
	以单位总悬浮固体计投加6 mg/g改性型两亲性壳聚糖^〔72〕	~3.7	0.4	95.1	4.9
	330 mg/L硅铁铝改性淀粉絮凝剂^〔73〕	6.7	0.5
合成高分子絮凝剂	以单位干污泥量计投加20 mg/g阳离子聚丙烯酰胺^〔74〕	11.5	4.4
	0.05 g/L阴离子聚丙烯酰胺^〔75〕	9.7	4.2	71	25.8
	40 mg/L阳离子聚丙烯酰胺^〔68〕	52.4	4.7
	30 mg/L阳离子聚丙烯酰胺＋0.25 mol/L氯化钠＋50 wt%稻壳粉^〔76〕	23.9	2.1
	10 mg/L阳离子聚丙烯酰胺＋15%干污泥量的贝壳粉^〔77〕	11.3	4.7

种类	投加药剂	污泥比阻（SRF）/（10¹²m·kg^-1）		毛细吸附时间（CST）/s
种类	投加药剂	调理前	调理后	调理前	调理后
天然高分子絮凝剂	5 g/kg壳聚糖^〔70〕	152.0	22.7	93.9	60.5
	5 g/kg壳聚糖+10 g/kg接枝Fe^3+〔70〕	152.0	4.2	93.9	9.3
	20 mg/L阳离子接枝壳聚糖^〔16〕	18.3	2.1
	以单位总悬浮固体计投加8 mg/g阳离子接枝淀粉^〔71〕	2.1	0.4
	以单位总悬浮固体计投加6 mg/g阳离子接枝淀粉＋24 mg/g氯化铁^〔71〕	2.1	0.3
	以单位总悬浮固体计投加6 mg/g改性型两亲性壳聚糖^〔72〕	~3.7	0.4	95.1	4.9
	330 mg/L硅铁铝改性淀粉絮凝剂^〔73〕	6.7	0.5
合成高分子絮凝剂	以单位干污泥量计投加20 mg/g阳离子聚丙烯酰胺^〔74〕	11.5	4.4
	0.05 g/L阴离子聚丙烯酰胺^〔75〕	9.7	4.2	71	25.8
	40 mg/L阳离子聚丙烯酰胺^〔68〕	52.4	4.7
	30 mg/L阳离子聚丙烯酰胺＋0.25 mol/L氯化钠＋50 wt%稻壳粉^〔76〕	23.9	2.1
	10 mg/L阳离子聚丙烯酰胺＋15%干污泥量的贝壳粉^〔77〕	11.3	4.7

微生物种类	污泥比阻（SRF）/（10¹²m·kg^-1）		毛细吸附时间（CST）/s
微生物种类	调理前	调理后	调理前	调理后
杨氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter youngae GTC01314^〔94〕	0.74	0.03	22	8
巨大芽孢杆菌Bacillus megaterium＋1.5 kg/m³聚合氯化铝^〔30〕	11.3	2.1	132	39
丝状真菌Talaromyces flavus S1^〔95〕	3.4	2.3	59	35
红串红球菌Rhodococcus erythropolis ^〔96〕	11.3	4.8
红串红球菌Rhodococcus erythropolis＋19.4 g/kg聚合氯化铝^〔96〕	11.3	3.0
铁氧化细菌Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ANYL-1^〔97〕	32.9	3.6	38.7	10.1

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