焦炭与不锈钢耦合阴极的电化学水软化性能研究

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-0184

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以304不锈钢网作为外层支撑床，锯齿不锈钢网作为内部支撑结构，在复合锯齿网的锯齿空隙中填充焦炭，制备了一种由焦炭与不锈钢两种材料耦合的填充床电极，用于解决电化学水软化阴极无法长期高效运行的问题。探究了最优的电极结构参数，结果表明，在阴阳极间距、外层平网孔径和表观电流密度分别为1.5 cm、20目、80 A/m²时，电极对总硬度为700 mg/L的模拟循环冷却水的软化速率达到最佳，为46.873 g/（m²·h）。当电极表面被垢层覆盖导致软化速率大幅下降时，通过振动方式对电极进行再生，研究了电极的使用寿命，结果表明，维持电极连续工作37 d，电极对循环冷却水仍保持较高的软化速率，可维持电化学水软化系统的长期高效运行。本研究可为解决电化学水软化阴极因无法有效再生导致的电化学水软化系统性能下降问题提供参考。

关键词: 电化学水软化, 阴极再生, 长寿命电极, 循环冷却水

Abstract:

Using 304 stainless steel mesh as the outer support bed and serrated stainless steel mesh as the inner support structure，and filling coke in the serrated voids of the composite serrated mesh，a filled-bed electrode coupled with two materials of coke and stainless steel was prepared for solving the problem that the cathode for electrochemical water softening could not be operated efficiently in the long term. The optimal electrode structural parameters were explored，and the results showed that the electrode achieved the optimal softening rate of 46.873 g/（m²·h） for simulated circulating cooling water with a total hardness of 700 mg/L when the cathode-anode spacing，the number of mesh of the outer flat mesh，and the apparent current density were 1.5 cm，20 mesh，and 80 A/m²，respectively. When the surface of the electrode was covered by a scale layer resulting in a significant decrease in the softening rate，the electrode was regenerated by vibration，and the service life of the electrode was investigated，and the results showed that maintaining the electrode in continuous operation for 37 d，the electrode still maintained a high softening rate for the circulating cooling water，which could maintain the long-term efficient operation of the electrochemical water softening system. This study can provide a reference for solving the performance degradation problem of electrochemical water softening system caused by ineffective regeneration of electrochemical water softening cathode.

Key words: electrochemical water softening, cathode regeneration, long-life electrodes, circulating cooling water

中图分类号:

TQ085

王俊达, 王立达, 赵津, 刘锦程, 邓海涛, 刘贵昌. 焦炭与不锈钢耦合阴极的电化学水软化性能研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(3): 97-103.

Junda WANG, Lida WANG, Jin ZHAO, Jincheng LIU, Haitao DENG, Guichang LIU. Study on electrochemical water softening performance of coke and stainless steel coupled cathode[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(3): 97-103.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I3/97

图/表 12

图1 填充床电极结构

Fig.1 Structure of the filled bed electrode

图2 实验装置

Fig.2 Experimental setup

图3 振动再生装置

Fig.3 Vibration regeneration device

图4 不同结构电极水软化过程中水的硬度变化

Fig.4 Changes in hardness during water softening with different structure electrodes

图5 不同结构电极的寿命测试

Fig.5 Life tests of different structure electrodes

图6 电极不同位置水垢的元素组成（a）、（b）、（c）代表电极4内外侧的不同位置；（d）、（e）、（f）代表电极2内外侧的不同位置。

Fig.6 Elemental composition of scale at different locations of electrodes

图7 电极不同位置电位分布

Fig.7 Potential distribution of different positions of electrodes

表1 因素水平设计

Table1 Factor levels design

水平	A：阴阳极间距/cm	B：外层平网孔径/目	C：表观电流密度/（A·m^-2）
1	1.50	8	20
2	1.75	12	40
3	2.00	20	60
4	2.25	16	80

表2 正交实验结果及极差分析

Table 2 Orthogonal experiment results and range analysis

实验序号	A：阴阳极间距/cm	B：外层平网孔径/目	C：表观电流密度/（A·m^-2）	软化速率/（g·m^-2·h^-1）
1	1.50	8	20	24.233
2	1.50	12	40	32.894
3	1.50	20	60	43.206
4	1.50	16	80	37.432
5	1.75	8	40	28.563
6	1.75	12	20	31.244
7	1.75	20	80	36.710
8	1.75	16	60	37.019
9	2.00	8	60	18.482
10	2.00	12	80	38.154
11	2.00	20	20	29.182
12	2.00	16	40	26.604
13	2.25	8	80	40.731
14	2.25	12	60	32.688
15	2.25	20	40	34.648
16	2.25	16	20	22.170
K1	137.765	112.009	84.659
K2	133.536	134.98	122.709
K3	112.422	143.746	131.395
K4	108.067	101.055	153.027
R	7.424 5	10.672 8	17.092

图8 振动再生时间对软化速率的影响

Fig.8 Effect of vibration regeneration time on softening rate

图9 电极寿命实验中软化速率随时间的变化

Fig.9 Variation of softening rate with time in the electrode lifetime experiment

图10 再生前后软化速率

Fig.10 Softening rates before and after regeneration

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