Research status of phosphorus removal by solid waste adsorption

doi:10.11894/iwt.2019-0358

Abstract

Abstract:

Adsorption dephosphorization by various solid wastes can recycle the wastes and low-costly remove phosphorus at the same time, which realize the pollution treatment by wastes. Firstly, this paper analyzed the adsorption mechanism of phosphorus removal by solid wastes to explore efficient and economical phosphorus adsorbents from solid wastes. Then we analyzed and summarized the research papers on phosphorus removal adsorbents with wastes in recent years. The research status of phosphorus removal by adsorption with various solid wastes was summarized. The characteristics, adsorption capacities, modification methods and costs of these solid wastes were investigated in detail. The research focus and development direction in the future were pointed out.

Key words: solid waste, phosphorus pollution, adsorption dephosphorization

摘要：

利用各种固体废弃物吸附除磷，可以同时实现废弃物的循环再利用和低成本的废水除磷，实现"以废治污"。为了推动固体废弃物吸附除磷的研究，探寻高效经济的固体废弃物除磷吸附剂，分析了吸附除磷机理，然后对近几年的废弃物除磷吸附剂的研究论文发表情况进行了统计和分析，重点总结了不同固体废弃物吸附除磷的研究现状，详细阐明了这些固体废弃物的特征、吸附容量、改性方法和成本等，并指出了今后的研究重点和发展方向。

关键词: 固体废弃物, 磷污染, 吸附除磷

CLC Number:

X703

Shuqing Lü,Shuangchao Tian,Hechao Li,Jun Wu,Yuhang Bao,Xueming Wang,Benyi Xiao. Research status of phosphorus removal by solid waste adsorption[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2020, 40(5): 1-7.

吕淑清,田双超,李鹤超,吴军,包宇航,王学明,肖本益. 固体废弃物吸附除磷研究现状[J]. 工业水处理, 2020, 40(5): 1-7.

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Figures/Tables 3

References 52

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废弃物	吸附机理		论文数量/篇
废弃物	物理吸附	化学吸附	英文	中文
水厂污泥	表面吸附	配位交换^〔15〕	49	17
钢渣	表面吸附	沉淀作用尧配位交换^〔16-17〕	303	49
粉煤灰	表面吸附	离子交换^〔18〕	323	69
赤泥	表面吸附	配位交换^〔19〕	136	32
生物质废弃物生物炭	表面沉积^〔20〕	沉淀作用尧离子交换^〔14〕	129	12

废弃物	吸附机理		论文数量/篇
废弃物	物理吸附	化学吸附	英文	中文
水厂污泥	表面吸附	配位交换^〔15〕	49	17
钢渣	表面吸附	沉淀作用尧配位交换^〔16-17〕	303	49
粉煤灰	表面吸附	离子交换^〔18〕	323	69
赤泥	表面吸附	配位交换^〔19〕	136	32
生物质废弃物生物炭	表面沉积^〔20〕	沉淀作用尧离子交换^〔14〕	129	12

吸附剂		改性/制备条件	粒径/mm	平衡时间/min	最佳pH	最大吸附容量/(mg·g^-1)	成本
给水污泥	给水污泥^〔21〕	-	0.15~0.3	100	2~10	0.58	+
	给水污泥^〔22〕	与膨润土、碳酸钙均匀混合，600℃预热20 min，之后1 100 ℃烘焙11 min	1~2	60	-	1.52	+++
	污泥陶粒^〔23〕	m（给水污泥）：m（粉煤灰）：m（牡蛎壳）=6：4：0.8，600 ℃预热30 min，之后1 050 ℃烘焙8 min	6~8	720	11	4.51	+++
	给水污泥^〔24〕	污泥颗粒加到pH=2.0的FeCl₃溶液中，用NaOH调节pH为8，静沉过滤干燥	< 0.15	180	3	24.69	++
	给水污泥^〔25〕	干污泥与98%浓硫酸按体积比为40：1混合，150 r/min搅拌30 min，抽滤后烘干	< 0.15	500	11	27.78	++
工业废渣	细钢渣^〔16〕	球磨技术研磨改性	0.007	82	4	21.93	+
	钢渣^〔17〕	800 ℃下直接加热1 h	2~4	1 440	-	13.62	+++
	钢渣^〔26〕	在100 mL尧3 mol/L NaOH溶液中浸泡处理24 h，800 ℃下煅烧1 h	0.9~2	1 440	-	13.62	+++
	赤泥^〔27〕	41 ℃下在10.2 mol/L HCl溶液中浸泡处理5.6 h	< 0.15	20	4.5	492.46	++
	赤泥^〔19〕	与膨润土尧淀粉混合，在400 ℃预热20 min，之后1 100 ℃烘焙10 min	长1.5 mm，高1.5 mm圆柱	420	5	8.36	+++
	粉煤灰^〔28〕	与水和浓硫酸混合，在100 ℃下固化2 h	-	5	5~9	9.15	++
	粉煤灰陶粒^〔18〕	m（粉煤灰）：m（石灰）：m（黏土）=6：3：1，经过5 h升温到1 000 ℃后保温2 h	直径4 mm，长1cm圆柱	15	10	1.98	+++
生物质废物	番茄生物质炭^〔20〕	在N₂氛围下，将番茄叶在600 ℃下热解1 h，得到生物炭	-	1 440	5.2~7.9	100.00	+++
	甘蔗叶炭^〔14〕	在N₂氛围下，将甘蔗叶在550 ℃下热解1 h，后加入到硝酸镁尧硝酸铝溶液中，在80 ℃、pH为10的条件下保存3 d	< 0.12	60	3	81.83	+++
	竹炭^〔29〕	毛竹在5%氨水中加热6 h后，在80 ℃干燥，再用硝酸铁浸渍3 d，最后进行煅烧	0.11	720	3	3.08	+++
	牛粪生物质^〔30〕	风干牛粪炭化后，再用HCl改性	< 0.85	720	7	4.71	++
焚烧飞灰	垃圾焚烧飞灰^〔31〕	-	-	2 400	7.8	128.70	+
焚烧飞灰	垃圾焚烧飞灰^〔32〕	-	-	30	7	6.0*	+
其他废物	锂硅粉^〔33〕	置于一定浓度铈和镧溶液中24 h，烘干用去离子水冲洗，110 ℃烘干后焙烧	0.2	60	3~4、10~12	10.98	++
	鹿沼泥^〔12〕	置于一定浓度铈和镧溶液中24 h，烘干用去离子水冲洗，110 ℃烘干后焙烧	< 0.3	90	6	1.14	+
	鸡蛋壳^〔34〕	0.25 g鸡蛋壳加入100 mL氯化铁溶液40 min	0.05~0.32	30	7	14.49	+
	矿山排水污泥^〔35〕	-	< 0.15	120	-	23.90	++
	清淤底泥^〔36〕	m（清淤污泥）：m（旱伞草）：m（无烟煤）：m（水泥）=10：1：1：5，350 ℃预热30 min，4 h后升温至1 060 ℃焙烧15 min	3~5	1 080	6	0.65	+++

吸附剂		改性/制备条件	粒径/mm	平衡时间/min	最佳pH	最大吸附容量/(mg·g^-1)	成本
给水污泥	给水污泥^〔21〕	-	0.15~0.3	100	2~10	0.58	+
	给水污泥^〔22〕	与膨润土、碳酸钙均匀混合，600℃预热20 min，之后1 100 ℃烘焙11 min	1~2	60	-	1.52	+++
	污泥陶粒^〔23〕	m（给水污泥）：m（粉煤灰）：m（牡蛎壳）=6：4：0.8，600 ℃预热30 min，之后1 050 ℃烘焙8 min	6~8	720	11	4.51	+++
	给水污泥^〔24〕	污泥颗粒加到pH=2.0的FeCl₃溶液中，用NaOH调节pH为8，静沉过滤干燥	< 0.15	180	3	24.69	++
	给水污泥^〔25〕	干污泥与98%浓硫酸按体积比为40：1混合，150 r/min搅拌30 min，抽滤后烘干	< 0.15	500	11	27.78	++
工业废渣	细钢渣^〔16〕	球磨技术研磨改性	0.007	82	4	21.93	+
	钢渣^〔17〕	800 ℃下直接加热1 h	2~4	1 440	-	13.62	+++
	钢渣^〔26〕	在100 mL尧3 mol/L NaOH溶液中浸泡处理24 h，800 ℃下煅烧1 h	0.9~2	1 440	-	13.62	+++
	赤泥^〔27〕	41 ℃下在10.2 mol/L HCl溶液中浸泡处理5.6 h	< 0.15	20	4.5	492.46	++
	赤泥^〔19〕	与膨润土尧淀粉混合，在400 ℃预热20 min，之后1 100 ℃烘焙10 min	长1.5 mm，高1.5 mm圆柱	420	5	8.36	+++
	粉煤灰^〔28〕	与水和浓硫酸混合，在100 ℃下固化2 h	-	5	5~9	9.15	++
	粉煤灰陶粒^〔18〕	m（粉煤灰）：m（石灰）：m（黏土）=6：3：1，经过5 h升温到1 000 ℃后保温2 h	直径4 mm，长1cm圆柱	15	10	1.98	+++
生物质废物	番茄生物质炭^〔20〕	在N₂氛围下，将番茄叶在600 ℃下热解1 h，得到生物炭	-	1 440	5.2~7.9	100.00	+++
	甘蔗叶炭^〔14〕	在N₂氛围下，将甘蔗叶在550 ℃下热解1 h，后加入到硝酸镁尧硝酸铝溶液中，在80 ℃、pH为10的条件下保存3 d	< 0.12	60	3	81.83	+++
	竹炭^〔29〕	毛竹在5%氨水中加热6 h后，在80 ℃干燥，再用硝酸铁浸渍3 d，最后进行煅烧	0.11	720	3	3.08	+++
	牛粪生物质^〔30〕	风干牛粪炭化后，再用HCl改性	< 0.85	720	7	4.71	++
焚烧飞灰	垃圾焚烧飞灰^〔31〕	-	-	2 400	7.8	128.70	+
焚烧飞灰	垃圾焚烧飞灰^〔32〕	-	-	30	7	6.0*	+
其他废物	锂硅粉^〔33〕	置于一定浓度铈和镧溶液中24 h，烘干用去离子水冲洗，110 ℃烘干后焙烧	0.2	60	3~4、10~12	10.98	++
	鹿沼泥^〔12〕	置于一定浓度铈和镧溶液中24 h，烘干用去离子水冲洗，110 ℃烘干后焙烧	< 0.3	90	6	1.14	+
	鸡蛋壳^〔34〕	0.25 g鸡蛋壳加入100 mL氯化铁溶液40 min	0.05~0.32	30	7	14.49	+
	矿山排水污泥^〔35〕	-	< 0.15	120	-	23.90	++
	清淤底泥^〔36〕	m（清淤污泥）：m（旱伞草）：m（无烟煤）：m（水泥）=10：1：1：5，350 ℃预热30 min，4 h后升温至1 060 ℃焙烧15 min	3~5	1 080	6	0.65	+++

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