Experimental study on the degradation of phenol by high efficiency three-dimensional electrode

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-0185

Abstract

Abstract:

Phenolic compounds are toxic pollutants that are difficult to biodegrade. Electro-Fenton technique is one of the effective means to remove phenols. An Fe₃O₄-loaded carbon nanotube-modified nickel foam（Fe₃O₄/CNT/NF） particle electrode was prepared by the thermal solvent-coating-roasting method，which could generate both H₂O₂ and Fe²⁺ in the electrolytic system. A three-dimensional electrode electro-Fenton system was constructed with Fe₃O₄/CNT/NF as the particle electrode to degrade phenol，which has higher removal efficiency and lower energy consumption compared with the three-dimensional based on Fe₃O₄/NF and NF particle electrodes and two-dimensional electrode system. The reaction conditions were optimized，and the removal rate was 76.23% at degradation time of 60 min，plate spacing of 3.0 cm，Fe₃O₄/CNT/NF particles electrode dosage of 8.0 g/L，current of 350 mA，electrolyte concentration of 100 mmol/L，and initial pH of 4. The quenching test results showed that the hydroxyl radical（·OH） played a major role in the degradation process in this system. The electrode stability was excellent，and the phenol removal rate only decreased by 6.09% after six cycles.

Key words: nickel foam, three-dimensional electro-Fenton, phenol, particle electrode

摘要：

酚类化合物是一种有毒污染物，难以生物降解。电Fenton技术是去除酚类物质的有效手段之一。通过热溶剂—涂覆—焙烧法制备Fe₃O₄负载碳纳米管修饰泡沫镍（Fe₃O₄/CNT/NF）粒子电极，可在电解系统中同时产生H₂O₂和Fe²⁺。以Fe₃O₄/CNT/NF作为粒子电极构建三维电极电Fenton系统对苯酚进行降解，苯酚去除率明显高于基于Fe₃O₄/NF和NF粒子电极的三维电极及二维电极体系。对反应条件进行优化后，在降解时间60 min、极板间距3.0 cm、Fe₃O₄/CNT/NF粒子电极投加量8.0 g/L、电流350 mA、电解质浓度100 mmol/L、初始pH为4的条件下，苯酚去除率可达76.23%。猝灭实验结果表明，该体系中羟基自由基（·OH）在降解过程中起主要作用。此外，电极稳定性能优异，6次循环实验后对苯酚的去除率仅降低6.09%。

关键词: 泡沫镍, 三维电Fenton, 苯酚, 粒子电极

CLC Number:

X703

Zeping DONG, Zhenyang LIU, Xinchen ZHAO, Zhengguang HE, Fengqi CUI. Experimental study on the degradation of phenol by high efficiency three-dimensional electrode[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(3): 89-96.

董泽平, 刘振阳, 赵昕琛, 何争光, 崔丰启. 高效三维电极电Fenton降解苯酚实验研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(3): 89-96.

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URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-0185

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2024/V44/I3/89

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 XRD of different materials

Fig.2 SEM of different materials

Fig.3 EDS of Fe₃O₄/CNT/NF particle electrode

Fig.4 Elements distribution of Fe₃O₄/CNT/NF particle electrode

Fig.5 Effect of different systems on phenol degradation efficiency

Table 1 Removal rates of phenol，reaction rate constants and energy consumptions under different degradation systems

降解体系	苯酚去除率/%	反应速率常数/min^-1	能耗/（kW·h·kg^-1）
2D	30.80	0.006 5	494.91
3D-NF	42.11	0.009 2	357.24
3D-Fe₃O₄/NF	44.03	0.010 0	331.95
3D-Fe₃O₄/CNT/NF	49.55	0.011 4	285.19

Fig.6 Effect of Fe₃O₄/CNT/NF particle electrode dosing on degradation efficiency

Fig.7 Effect of current on degradation efficiency

Fig.8 Effect of electrolyte concentration on degradation efficiency

Fig.9 Effect of initial pH on degradation efficiency

Fig.10 Effect of different quenchers on degradation efficiency

Fig.11 Mechanism of phenol degradation by three-dimensional electrode electro-Fenton system based on Fe₃O₄/CNT/NF particle electrode

Fig.12 Particle electrode stability test

Fig.13 Effect of the number of cycles on the concentration of dissolved Fe³⁺

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