Research progress of calcium-magnesium scale inhibition technology in desalination of high-salt wastewater

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0207

Abstract

Abstract:

Scale deposition, mainly composed of calcium scales and magnesium scales, not only reduces the desalination efficiency of high salt wastewater, but also hinders the effective operation of equipment and shortens its service life. Therefore, the technology of inhibiting calcium and magnesium scaling in the desalination process of high salt wastewater has become a current research hotspot. A systematic review was conducted on the mechanisms and research progresses of three mainstream scale inhibition technologies: chemical scale inhibition, physical scale inhibition, and interfacial treatment. From the mechanistic perspective, chemical scale inhibition technology mainly removed calcium and magnesium ions from water or delayed the formation of calcium and magnesium scales through chelation, dispersion, and lattice distortion. Physical scale inhibition technology mainly utilized physical means (fluidized bed, ultrasound, electromagnetic field, and electrostatic field) to extend the crystallization induction period, or transform the scale into soft scale that was easily washed away. Interfacial treatment technology reduced the adhesion of scale by reducing the surface energy of the heat exchange surface and improving its hydrophobicity. Finally, the advantages and limitations of these three types of technologies were systematically summarized, and their future research directions were looked forward, providing theoretical references and technical ideas for the control of calcium and magnesium scales in high salt wastewater treatment.

Key words: calcium scale, magnesium scale, chemical scale inhibition technology, physical scale inhibition technology, interfacial treatment technology

摘要：

以钙镁垢为主的水垢沉积问题不仅会降低高盐废水脱盐过程中的脱盐效率，还会阻碍设备的有效运行并缩短其使用寿命。因此，抑制高盐废水脱盐过程中钙镁结垢的技术成为当前研究热点。系统综述了化学阻垢、物理阻垢和界面处理3类主流阻垢技术的机理及研究进展。从机理上看，化学阻垢技术主要通过去除水体中钙、镁离子或借助螯合、分散与晶格畸变等作用延缓钙镁垢的形成；物理阻垢技术主要利用物理手段（流化床、超声、电磁场和静电场）延长结晶诱导期，或将污垢转变成易被冲刷的松软污垢；界面处理技术则通过降低换热表面的表面能、提高其疏水性等减少污垢附着。最后，系统归纳了这3类技术的优势和局限性，并展望了其未来研究方向，以期为高盐废水处理中钙镁垢的控制提供理论参考与技术思路。

关键词: 钙垢, 镁垢, 化学阻垢技术, 物理阻垢技术, 界面处理技术

CLC Number:

X703.1

Chunmei ZHU, Pingkai LUO, Changyun LI, Zhiyong HU, Linqing QIU. Research progress of calcium-magnesium scale inhibition technology in desalination of high-salt wastewater[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2026, 46(1): 42-50.

朱春梅, 罗平凯, 李长云, 胡志勇, 邱林青. 高盐废水脱盐过程中钙镁结垢抑制技术研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2026, 46(1): 42-50.

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阻垢技术	优点	缺点
化学阻垢技术	技术成熟，阻垢效率高	投加化学药剂易造成二次污染；电化学阻垢法能耗大，因电极钝化，需定期更换电极，投资成本高
物理阻垢技术	操作方便，阻垢效果好；无需投加化学药剂，不存在二次污染	需根据水质差异调整操作参数，并依赖外加设备，导致能耗较高；惰性固体颗粒在沸腾条件下可能会破坏换热管道
界面处理技术	无需投加化学药剂，无需外加场，兼具阻垢和防腐两大优点	因稳定性和持久性不易保证，故不能长周期使用，同时涂层中的有害物质易侵入水体

阻垢技术	优点	缺点
化学阻垢技术	技术成熟，阻垢效率高	投加化学药剂易造成二次污染；电化学阻垢法能耗大，因电极钝化，需定期更换电极，投资成本高
物理阻垢技术	操作方便，阻垢效果好；无需投加化学药剂，不存在二次污染	需根据水质差异调整操作参数，并依赖外加设备，导致能耗较高；惰性固体颗粒在沸腾条件下可能会破坏换热管道
界面处理技术	无需投加化学药剂，无需外加场，兼具阻垢和防腐两大优点	因稳定性和持久性不易保证，故不能长周期使用，同时涂层中的有害物质易侵入水体

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