Research progress of UV/sulfite system on degradation of pollutants in water

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-1008

Abstract

Abstract:

Advanced reduction processes(ARPs) based on UV/sulfite(UV/SO₃ ^2-) have received increasing attention due to high degradation capacity for some refractory pollutants. This paper described the reaction mechanism of UV/sulfite processes, summarized the influencing factors of UV/sulfite process, introduced the application scenarios and improvement methods of UV/sulfite process, and looked forward to the future research and development direction of UV/sulfite processes. It was concluded that UV/sulfite process had excellent performance in the degradation of inorganic and organic pollutants. The hydrated electrons were the dominant active species in UV/sulfite degradation system. The UV light source, sulfite concentration, dissolved oxygen, pH and co-existing substances in the water were the main factors affecting the degradation effect of UV/sulfite process.

Key words: UV/sulfite, advanced reduction, hydrated electron, emerging contaminants

摘要：

近年来，基于紫外/亚硫酸盐（UV/SO₃ ^2-）的高级还原工艺（ARPs）因对一些难降解污染物表现出高降解能力而受到越来越多的关注。阐述了UV/SO₃ ^2-工艺降解污染物的反应机理，概述了UV/SO₃ ^2-工艺的影响因素，介绍了UV/SO₃ ^2-工艺在水处理中的应用场景以及基于UV/SO₃ ^2-工艺的改进方法，并对UV/SO₃ ^2-工艺的研究方向进行了展望。UV/SO₃ ^2-工艺在无机和有机污染物降解方面表现优异，水合电子（e_aq ^-）是UV/SO₃ ^2-体系降解污染物过程中起主导作用的活性物种，UV光源、SO₃ ^2-浓度、溶解氧、pH和水体中共存物质是影响UV/SO₃ ^2-工艺降解效果的主要因素。

关键词: 紫外/亚硫酸盐, 高级还原, 水合电子, 新污染物

CLC Number:

X703

Kaiyue SHEN, Wenbo WEI, Xinhuan ZHANG. Research progress of UV/sulfite system on degradation of pollutants in water[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(9): 50-57.

沈恺乐, 韦文博, 张新欢. 紫外/亚硫酸盐体系对水体污染物降解的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(9): 50-57.

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URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-1008

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2024/V44/I9/50

Figures/Tables 4

Table 1 Reaction rate constants of inorganic ions with active species in UV/SO₃ ^2- processes

无机离子	活性物质反应速率常数/（L·mol^-1·s^-1）
无机离子	e_aq ^-	H·
HCO₃ ^-	<1×10⁶	4.4×10⁴
CO₃ ^2-	3.9×10⁵
Cl^-	<1×10⁶	<1×10⁵
SO₄ ^2-	<1×10⁶
NO₃ ^-	9.7×10⁹	1.4×10⁶
NO₂ ^-	9.1×10⁹	7.1×10⁸
H₂PO₄ ^-	1.9×10⁷	5×10⁵
HPO₄ ^2-	1.4×10⁵	<5×10⁴
Br^-		2.8×10⁷
I^-	<2.4×10⁵	3.4×10⁷
Fe²⁺	1.6×10⁸	7.5×10⁶
Fe³⁺	6.0×10¹⁰	<2×10⁶
Cu²⁺	3.3×10¹⁰	9.1×10⁷

Table 2 Applications of UV/SO₃ ^2- processes in partial HOCs degradation

污染物	污染物浓度/（μmol·L^-1）	SO₃ ^2-浓度/（mmol·L^-1）	pH	UV	反应时间/min	去除率/%	脱卤率/%	参考文献
4-溴苯酚	10	1	9.2	9.35×10^-7 Einstein/（L·s）	20	83		〔45〕
2，4-二氯苯酚	50×10³	5	7	5 W，254 nm	60	93.3	85.1	〔8〕
2，4，6-三氯苯酚	1.27×10³	3.96×10³	7	87 μW/cm²	80	100	98	〔46〕
三氯乙烯	228	4.6	11	1.75 mW/cm²	120	100	83.5	〔19〕
1，2-二氯乙烷	20	0.2	11	6 mW/cm²	100	100	92.6	〔47〕
四氯化碳	65	2	9	1.24 mW/cm²	60	~100	~100	〔41〕
全氟辛酸	38.7	10	9.2	6.6×10^-7 Einstein/（cm²·s）	10	100	45.7	〔23〕
全氟辛酸	24.15	10	9~11	11 W，254 nm	30	>95	36~57	〔38〕
全氟辛烷磺酸	32	10	9.2	6.6×10^-7 Einstein/（cm²·s）	30	98	50	〔43〕
全氟辛烷磺酸	20	10	10.3	0.89 μEinstein/（L·s）	60	100		〔48〕
全氟辛烷磺酸	20	10	10.3	0.89 μEinstein/（L·s）	1 440		88.5	〔48〕

Table 3 Applications of UV/ SO₃ ^2- processes in reduction of high-oxygenated acid salt

污染物	污染物浓度/（μmol·L^-1）	SO₃ ^2-浓度/（mmol·L^-1）	pH	UV	去除率或表观降解速率常数	活性物质反应速率常数/（L·mol^-1·s^-1）	参考文献
ClO₄ ^-	100	11	11	8 mW/cm²	76%（27 h）		〔5〕
ClO₄ ^-	100	11	11	7 mW/cm²	0.036 h^-1		〔11〕
BrO₃ ^-	100	1	7	4.3 mW/cm²	（0.036±0.002） min^-1		〔16〕
BrO₃ ^-	100	1	6~10	4.19 mW/cm²	（0.011 9~0.027 9） min^-1		〔30〕
BrO₃ ^-	2.75	0.08	7	5.5 mW/cm²	（0.026±0.002） min^-1		〔51〕
BrO₃ ^-	100	1	7	10 W，253.7 nm		$k e a q -$ =3×10⁹	〔52〕
BrO₃ ^-	20	0.2	7	2.43 mW/cm²	3.28 min^-1	$k H ∙$ =4.83×10⁷	〔53〕
BrO₃ ^-	39	0.78	9.8	3.80 mW/cm²		$k e a q -$ =5.3×10⁹	〔54〕
NO₃ ^-	160	2.8	7	4 mW/cm²	~100%（0.5 h）		〔5〕
NO₃ ^-	200	40	9.2	6.72 mW/cm²	100%（90 min）		〔55〕

Table 3 Applications of UV/ SO₃ ^2- processes in reduction of high-oxygenated acid salt

污染物	污染物浓度/（μmol·L^-1）	SO₃ ^2-浓度/（mmol·L^-1）	pH	UV	去除率或表观降解速率常数	活性物质反应速率常数/（L·mol^-1·s^-1）	参考文献
ClO₄ ^-	100	11	11	8 mW/cm²	76%（27 h）		〔5〕
ClO₄ ^-	100	11	11	7 mW/cm²	0.036 h^-1		〔11〕
BrO₃ ^-	100	1	7	4.3 mW/cm²	（0.036±0.002） min^-1		〔16〕
BrO₃ ^-	100	1	6~10	4.19 mW/cm²	（0.011 9~0.027 9） min^-1		〔30〕
BrO₃ ^-	2.75	0.08	7	5.5 mW/cm²	（0.026±0.002） min^-1		〔51〕
BrO₃ ^-	100	1	7	10 W，253.7 nm		$k e a q -$ =3×10⁹	〔52〕
BrO₃ ^-	20	0.2	7	2.43 mW/cm²	3.28 min^-1	$k H ∙$ =4.83×10⁷	〔53〕
BrO₃ ^-	39	0.78	9.8	3.80 mW/cm²		$k e a q -$ =5.3×10⁹	〔54〕
NO₃ ^-	160	2.8	7	4 mW/cm²	~100%（0.5 h）		〔5〕
NO₃ ^-	200	40	9.2	6.72 mW/cm²	100%（90 min）		〔55〕

Table 4 Applications of UV/SO₃ ^2- processes in reduction of partial PPCPs

污染物	污染物浓度/ （μmol·L^-1）	SO₃ ^2-浓度/ （mmol·L^-1）	pH	UV	去除率或表观降解速率常数	活性物质反应速率常数/（L·mol^-1·s^-1）	参考文献
双氯芬酸	300	8	9.2	3.26 mW/cm²	0.154 1 min^-1		〔10〕
氯霉素	1×10⁵	2	9	10 W，265 nm	90.67%（50 min）		〔13〕
雷尼替丁	20	0.5	7.9	2.1 mW/cm²	0.427 min^-1		〔29〕
卡马西平	21.16	0.4	8.4	3.26 mW/cm²	8.6×10^-2 min^-1	$k e a q -$ =2.42×10⁹	〔31〕
环丙沙星	60.42	1	8.5	18 W，253.4 nm	0.269 min^-1		〔33〕
美托洛尔	5	1	7	3 μEinstein/（L·s）	0.090 0 min^-1	$k e a q -$ =1.28×10⁸ $k H ∙$ =8.62×10⁸	〔57〕
阿替洛尔	20	1	6.9	1.75 mW/cm²	0.024 5 min^-1	$k e a q -$ =2.3×10¹⁰ $k H ∙$ =2.1×10⁹	〔58〕
磺胺甲唑	1	0.1	6.9	0.24 mW/cm²	0.091 0 min^-1		〔59〕
氟苯尼考	139.6	1	8	3.88 mW/cm²	0.33 min^-1		〔60〕

Table 4 Applications of UV/SO₃ ^2- processes in reduction of partial PPCPs

污染物	污染物浓度/ （μmol·L^-1）	SO₃ ^2-浓度/ （mmol·L^-1）	pH	UV	去除率或表观降解速率常数	活性物质反应速率常数/（L·mol^-1·s^-1）	参考文献
双氯芬酸	300	8	9.2	3.26 mW/cm²	0.154 1 min^-1		〔10〕
氯霉素	1×10⁵	2	9	10 W，265 nm	90.67%（50 min）		〔13〕
雷尼替丁	20	0.5	7.9	2.1 mW/cm²	0.427 min^-1		〔29〕
卡马西平	21.16	0.4	8.4	3.26 mW/cm²	8.6×10^-2 min^-1	$k e a q -$ =2.42×10⁹	〔31〕
环丙沙星	60.42	1	8.5	18 W，253.4 nm	0.269 min^-1		〔33〕
美托洛尔	5	1	7	3 μEinstein/（L·s）	0.090 0 min^-1	$k e a q -$ =1.28×10⁸ $k H ∙$ =8.62×10⁸	〔57〕
阿替洛尔	20	1	6.9	1.75 mW/cm²	0.024 5 min^-1	$k e a q -$ =2.3×10¹⁰ $k H ∙$ =2.1×10⁹	〔58〕
磺胺甲唑	1	0.1	6.9	0.24 mW/cm²	0.091 0 min^-1		〔59〕
氟苯尼考	139.6	1	8	3.88 mW/cm²	0.33 min^-1		〔60〕

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