摘要：

利用马丁氏培养基从印染厂废水中筛选出具有脱色能力的霉菌，研究所筛选霉菌对26种不同类型活性染料的脱色效果，选取优势脱色菌株，研究其脱色特性；利用紫外-可见、气相质谱对优势脱色菌株脱色前后的培养液进行检测，分析其脱色前后波谱的变化，确定其基本的脱色机理；对优势脱色菌株进行基因测序，结合形态学特征，以确定其种属。结果显示，从印染厂废水中分离出3株霉菌，命名为YR01、YR02、YR03，分别对26种活性染料进行脱色试验，3株霉菌均对虎红、藏青M-GD、曙红B、胭脂红、绿KE-4BD、翠兰KN-G、艳兰X-BR具有明显的脱色效果，其中霉菌YR03对以上7种染料的脱色效果最优，菌株YR03对虎红脱色前后染液的光谱吸收峰变化明显，说明染料分子结构发生了破坏，存在着先吸附后降解的脱色机制，其他均为吸附脱色。对菌株YR03进行形态观察与基因测序，确定为1株黑曲霉菌。

关键词: 霉菌, 活性染料, 脱色

Abstract:

The molds with decolorizing ability were screened from the wastewater of printing and dyeing plants using Martin's medium. The decolorizing effects of the screened molds on 26 different types of reactive dyes were further studied，and the dominant decolorizing strains were selected to study their decolorizing characteristics. UV-visible and gas⁃phase mass spectrometry were employed to detect the culture medium and the changes of spectrum before and after the decolorization by the dominant strains so as to determine the basic decolorization mechanism. Combined with their morphological characteristics，the dominant decolorizing strains were genetically sequenced to determine their species and genera. Three molds isolated from the wastewater of printing and dyeing plants were named YR01，YR02 and YR03 and their decolorization effects on 26 types of reactive dyes were tested respectively. The results showed that the three molds had obvious decolorization effects on tiger red，navy cyan M-GD，eosin B，carmine，green KE-4BD，Cuilan KN-G and Yanlan X-BR. The strain YR03 had the best decolorization effects on the above seven dyes. The spectral absorption peak of the dye solution before and after the decolorization of tiger red by YR03 strain changed dramatically，suggesting that a destruction of the molecular structure of the dye and a decolorization mechanism of degradation⁃after⁃adsorption occurred. The decolorization mechanism of the other six dyes was only adsorption. The YR03 strain was identified as Aspergillus Niger through morphological observation and genetic sequencing.

Key words: mold, reactive dye, decolorization

中图分类号: 

• X703

• X172