工业水处理 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 34-42. doi: 10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-0661

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于厌氧氨氧化菌特性的富集策略及培养过程分析

蒙小俊(), 朱妮   

  1. 安康学院旅游与资源环境学院,陕西 安康 725000
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-07 出版日期:2022-08-20 发布日期:2022-09-05
  • 作者简介:

    蒙小俊(1981— ),博士,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    陕西省教育厅项目(20JK0009); 安康学院校级一般项目(2021AYKFKT04)

Enrichment strategy and culture process analysis based on the characteristics of Anammox bacteria

Xiaojun MENG(), Ni ZHU   

  1. School of Tourism and Environment,Ankang University,Ankang 725000,China
  • Received:2022-07-07 Online:2022-08-20 Published:2022-09-05

摘要:

传统污水生物脱氮工艺因曝气能耗大、消耗碱度、碳源不足、污泥产量大、流程复杂,以及产生大量温室气体等,严重制约了其在水环境污染防治领域中的应用。以厌氧氨氧化菌(AAOB)为驱动的厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)是迄今为止最简洁的脱氮途径,能实现碳氮的分离,且低耗、高效、环境友好。但AAOB的生长速率低、倍增时间长,对环境敏感,成为Anammox技术工程应用的瓶颈。如何富集培养AAOB以发挥Anammox活性成为解决问题的关键。以AAOB生物特性为基础的富集策略决定了菌株的生物量、活性和脱氮性能。概述了AAOB的分布和种类,分析了其生理生化特征,依据AAOB特性解析了工艺调控、聚集造粒和菌株保藏3种富集策略,并对富集培养过程进行分析。认为富集培养过程实质是采用适宜AAOB富集的培养条件淘汰劣势菌,不断提高AAOB菌群的相对丰度,形成相对单一的、稳定的生物群落。未来研究的重点在于分析不同生境条件下AAOB的生物特性,不同AAOB菌株富集培养的多手段协同,水质和环境条件对AAOB富集的影响机制。

关键词: 生物脱氮, 厌氧氨氧化菌, 工艺调控, 聚集造粒, 富集培养

Abstract:

Traditional biological denitrification process for wastewater has severely limited its application in the field of water environment pollution prevention due to large aeration energy consumption, alkalinity consumption, insufficient carbon source, high sludge output, complex process, and the generation of large amounts of greenhouse gases. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation(Anammox) driven by anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AAOB) is the most concise denitrification pathway so far, which can achieve carbon and nitrogen separation with low consumption, high efficiency and environmental friendliness. However, the low growth rate, long doubling time and environmental sensitivity of AAOB have become bottlenecks for the engineering application of Anammox. Enrichment and cultivation of AAOB to exert Anammox activity became the key to solve the problem. The enrichment strategy based on the biological characteristics of AAOB determines the biomass, activity and denitrification performance of the strains. The distribution and species of AAOB were summarized, and their physiological and biochemical characteristics were analyzed. Three enrichment strategies of process regulation, aggregation granulation and strain preservation were analyzed based on AAOB characteristics, and the enrichment culture process was analyzed. It was believed that the essence of the enrichment culture process was to adopt suitable culture conditions for AAOB enrichment to eliminate the inferior bacteria, and continuously increase the relative abundance of AAOB, and form a relatively homogeneous and stable biological community. The focus of future research was to analyze the biological characteristics of AAOB under different habitat conditions, the multi-method synergy of different AAOB strains in enrichment and cultivation, and the mechanism of water quality and environmental conditions on the enrichment of AAOB.

Key words: biological denitrification, anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria, process regulation, aggregation and granulation, enrichment culture

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