厌氧氨氧化处理煤气化废水环境与经济影响评价

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0172

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用生命周期评价（LCA）法，选择某煤气化污水处理厂为研究对象，评估对比改造后厌氧氨氧化工艺（CANON）与改造前多级AO工艺的碳排放、环境影响与经济效益。结果表明，CANON单元的碳排放量与环境影响分别为AO单元的40.02%与42.2%。敏感性分析表明，在煤炭、风能、太阳能3种发电类型的对比中，风能发电对全球变暖潜势（GWP）类别贡献最小，相较于煤炭燃烧可减少约20%的GWP贡献；电耗变化对酸化潜势（AP）类别影响最大，药耗变化对臭氧层破坏潜势（ODP）类别影响最大。经济分析结果表明，改造后系统处理成本平均可节约6.47元/m³，碳减排效益为487.20元/d，且可通过出售厌氧氨氧化菌泥获得9 300元/d的潜在经济效益。由此可见，CANON工艺环境与经济综合效益明显。

关键词: 煤气化废水, 生命周期评价, 生物脱氮, 碳足迹, 环境影响

Abstract:

The article adopted the life cycle assessment(LCA) method and selected a coal gasification wastewater treatment plant as the research object to evaluate and compare the carbon emissions, environmental impacts, and economic benefits of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process(CANON) after renovation and the multi-stage AO process before renovation. The results showed that the carbon emissions and environmental impacts of CANON unit were 40.02% and 42.2% of AO unit, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that compared to coal, wind, and solar power generation, wind power generation had the smallest contribution to the global warming potential(GWP) category, and could reduce GWP contribution by about 20% compared to coal combustion. The change in electricity consumption had the greatest impact on the acidification potential(AP) category, while the change in drug consumption had the greatest impact on the ozone depletion potential(ODP) category. The results of economic analysis showed that the average processing cost of the renovated system could be saved by 6.47 yuan/m³, the carbon reduction benefit was 487.20 yuan/d, and a potential benefit of 9 300 yuan/d could be obtained through the sale of anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacterial sludge. Overall, it could be seen that the CANON process had significant environmental and economic benefits.

Key words: coal gasification wastewater, life cycle assessment, biological nitrogen removal, carbon footprint, environmental impacts

中图分类号:

X703

田淑雯, 高心雨, 蔡伟伟, 姚宏, 杨岸明, 田盛. 厌氧氨氧化处理煤气化废水环境与经济影响评价[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(2): 27-35.

Shuwen TIAN, Xinyu GAO, Weiwei CAI, Hong YAO, Anming YANG, Sheng TIAN. Environmental and economic impact assessment of anaerobic ammonia oxidation treatment for coal gasification wastewater[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(2): 27-35.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I2/27

图/表 12

参考文献 26

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构筑物	pH	温度/℃	溶解氧/（mg·L^-1）
缺氧池	8.0~9.0	20~35	<0.05
高曝池	8.0~8.5	20~35	2~5
1#好氧池	8.0~8.5	30~35	2~4
1#缺氧池	8.0~8.5	30~35	<0.1
2#好氧池	8.0~8.5	30~35	2~5
2#缺氧池	8.0~8.5	30~35	<0.1
3#好氧池	8.0~8.5	30~35	3~8
1#AMX池	7.0~8.0	31.8±2	0.1~0.5
2#AMX池	7.0~8.0	32.2±2	0.1~0.5
3#AMX池	7.0~8.0	32.8±2	0.1~0.5
SBR池	7.0~8.0	25~30	<1（沉淀）
			2~6（曝气）
			<0.1（搅拌）

构筑物	pH	温度/℃	溶解氧/（mg·L^-1）
缺氧池	8.0~9.0	20~35	<0.05
高曝池	8.0~8.5	20~35	2~5
1#好氧池	8.0~8.5	30~35	2~4
1#缺氧池	8.0~8.5	30~35	<0.1
2#好氧池	8.0~8.5	30~35	2~5
2#缺氧池	8.0~8.5	30~35	<0.1
3#好氧池	8.0~8.5	30~35	3~8
1#AMX池	7.0~8.0	31.8±2	0.1~0.5
2#AMX池	7.0~8.0	32.2±2	0.1~0.5
3#AMX池	7.0~8.0	32.8±2	0.1~0.5
SBR池	7.0~8.0	25~30	<1（沉淀）
			2~6（曝气）
			<0.1（搅拌）

项目	COD/（mg·L^-1）	TN/（mg·L^-1）	NH₄ ⁺-N/（mg·L^-1）
进水	1 000~1 500	600~1 600	500~1 500
出水	≤200	≤35	≤20
排放标准	≤500	≤40	≤25（30）

项目	COD/（mg·L^-1）	TN/（mg·L^-1）	NH₄ ⁺-N/（mg·L^-1）
进水	1 000~1 500	600~1 600	500~1 500
出水	≤200	≤35	≤20
排放标准	≤500	≤40	≤25（30）

项目		AO	CANON
能耗	电能/（kW·h）	2.046	0.995
物耗	30%NaOH/kg	1.402	0.579
物耗	甲醇/kg	1.413	—
运输	卡车/（t·km）	3.890	0.448
温室气体	N₂O/kg	0.002	0.004
固体废物	含水率45%的剩余污泥/kg	1.041	0.070

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