摘要：

污水处理厂水量、水质、温度等设计参数与实际运行情况有所差异引发超量碳排放现象，对此，依据污水处理厂一级A出水标准的能耗构成数据，分析间接碳排放的主要影响因素，提出提升环节流量与扬程管理、曝气流量与强度管理、混合搅拌强度管理等低碳运行策略。实际应用案例表明，8座污水处理厂应用低碳运行策略实现“降本增效”，间接碳排放减排效果显著；电耗从3.837 7×10⁷ kW·h/a降低至3.348 5×10⁷ kW·h/a，其造成的碳（以CO₂计）排放由3 424.0 t/a降低至2 987.5 t/a，降幅达12.7%；除磷药剂用量从4 491.1 t/a降低至3 751.9 t/a，碳源药剂用量从5 145.6 t/a降低至2 013.4 t/a，总药耗引起的碳排放量由5 084.9 t/a降低至2 488.3 t/a，降幅达51.1%，减排效果显著，项目收益大幅提升。此外，低浓度进水污水处理厂的低碳运行评价等级提升为三级，但对进水总氮高、使用高耗能工艺设备、工业水占比较高的污水处理厂提升效果不明显，需采用碳捕捉、厌氧消化-热电联产、自养脱氮、反硝化除磷、污水潜热回收与利用等技术方可实现低碳运行。

关键词: 污水处理厂, 低碳运行, 间接碳排放, 流量与扬程管理

Abstract:

The difference between the design parameters such as water quantity, water quality and temperature and the actual operation situation of sewage treatment plants leads to excessive carbon emission. Based on the energy consumption composition data of the Class A effluent standard of sewage treatment plants, the main influencing factors of indirect carbon emissions were analyzed, and low-carbon operation strategies such as improving link flow and lift management, aeration flow and intensity management, mixing intensity management were proposed. Practical cases demonstrated that the adoption of low-carbon operational strategies in 8 sewage treatment plants had achieved significant cost savings and improved operational efficiency, as well as a notable reduction in indirect carbon emissions. Power consumption had decreased from 3.837 7×10⁷ kW·h/a to 3.348 5×10⁷ kW·h/a, the indirect carbon(calculated by CO₂) emissions had decreased from 3 424.0 t/a to 2 987.5 t/a, with a decrease of 12.7%. The dosage of phosphorus removal agents had decreased from 4 491.1 t/a to 3 751.9 t/a, and the dosage of carbon source agents had decreased from 5 145.6 t/a to 2 013.4 t/a, the indirect carbon emissions from drug consumption had decreased from 5 084.9 t/a to 2 488.3 t/a, with a decrease of 51.1%, resulting in significant emission reduction effects and significant increase of project revenue. In addition, the evaluation of low-carbon operation for sewage treatment plants with low-concentration influent water had been upgraded to level 3, but the improvement was not significant for sewage treatment plants with high total nitrogen in the influent, high energy-consuming process equipment, and high industrial water content. Carbon capture, anaerobic digestion-cogeneration, autotrophic denitrification, phosphorus removal by denitrification, sewage latent heat recovery and utilization technologies were necessary to achieve low-carbon operation.

Key words: sewage treatment plant, low-carbon operation, indirect carbon emissions, flow and lift management

中图分类号: 

• X784