碘代X射线造影剂检测与去除工艺的研究进展

doi:10.11894/iwt.2020-0440

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来碘代X射线造影剂（ICMs）在水环境中被广泛检出，且被证明是碘化消毒副产物的前体物。ICMs结构稳定，无法被常规水处理工艺有效去除。综述了ICMs在国内外水环境中的污染现状，介绍了ICMs的几种检测方法及特点，重点总结了ICMs的去除工艺，包括传统水处理技术和高级氧化技术，最后对ICMs今后的研究工作进行展望。

关键词: 碘代X射线造影剂, 消毒副产物, 药物和个人护理品

Abstract:

In recent years, iodinated X-ray contrast media(ICMs) has been widely detected in water environment and proved to be the precursor of disinfection by-product of iodization. However, it could not be effectively removed by conventional water treatment due to its stable structure. The current situation of ICMs pollution in water environment at home and abroad was reviewed, several detection methods of ICMs and their characteristics were introduced. The removal process of ICMs was summarized especially, including the traditional water treatment technology and advanced oxidation technology. Finally, the future research work of ICMs was prospected.

Key words: iodinated X-ray contrast media, disinfection by-products, pharmaceuticals and personal care products

中图分类号:

X703

杜甜甜,王宁,李梅. 碘代X射线造影剂检测与去除工艺的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2021, 41(4): 20-24, 30.

Tiantian Du,Ning Wang,Mei Li. Research progress on detection and removal of iodinated X-ray contrast media[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2021, 41(4): 20-24, 30.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I4/20

图/表 3

参考文献 44

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取样地点	来源	碘帕醇IOD	碘海醇IOX	碘美普尔IOM	碘普罗胺IOP	泛影酸盐DTZ	文献
多瑙河，德国	地表水	210	86	160	100	155	〔9〕
莱茵河，德国	地表水	47~286	15~56	66~385	69~240	20~47	〔10〕
柏林，德国	地表水	—	2±0.5	—	8 500±1 000	—	〔11〕
洛布雷加河，西班牙	地表水	8.9~65.7	26.1~165	23.6~1 595	13.8~1 785	—	〔12〕
贝索斯河，西班牙	地表水	14.0~63.1	221~1 326	379~6100	30.6~836	—	〔12〕
约旦河下游，约旦	地表水	82~78 000	65~1 600	59~6 900	65~4 500	47~850	〔13〕
太湖，中国	地表水	—	86.0~91.6	1.3~1.6	2.3~28	0.3~14.3	〔14〕
黄浦江，中国	地表水	1.0~90.7	73.6~100	1.4~5.3	7.1~51.4	10.4~19.6	〔14〕
巴塞尔，瑞士	饮用水	17~43	—	—	—	16~22	〔10〕
美国10个城市	饮用水	2 700	＜120	＜10	＜25	＜93	〔15〕
美因茨，德国	饮用水	20±7	5.5±0.6	31±6	—	—	〔16〕
科布伦茨，德国	饮用水	244±44	＜2	＜1	—	—	〔17〕
上海，中国	饮用水	—	98.3~147	1.6~2.3	1.5~2.5	0.8~1.6	〔14〕
塔拉戈纳，西班牙	市政废水	1 340~1 620	4 500~5 400	4 600	6 800~8 900	3 900~4 700	〔18〕
科布伦茨，德国	市政废水	35 000±3 000	18 000±2 000	131 000±12 000	60 000±6 000	—	〔4〕
约旦	地下水	10~36 000	10~180	10~790	10~250	—	〔13〕
巴塞尔，瑞士	地下水	36~94	—	—	—	—	〔10〕

取样地点	来源	碘帕醇IOD	碘海醇IOX	碘美普尔IOM	碘普罗胺IOP	泛影酸盐DTZ	文献
多瑙河，德国	地表水	210	86	160	100	155	〔9〕
莱茵河，德国	地表水	47~286	15~56	66~385	69~240	20~47	〔10〕
柏林，德国	地表水	—	2±0.5	—	8 500±1 000	—	〔11〕
洛布雷加河，西班牙	地表水	8.9~65.7	26.1~165	23.6~1 595	13.8~1 785	—	〔12〕
贝索斯河，西班牙	地表水	14.0~63.1	221~1 326	379~6100	30.6~836	—	〔12〕
约旦河下游，约旦	地表水	82~78 000	65~1 600	59~6 900	65~4 500	47~850	〔13〕
太湖，中国	地表水	—	86.0~91.6	1.3~1.6	2.3~28	0.3~14.3	〔14〕
黄浦江，中国	地表水	1.0~90.7	73.6~100	1.4~5.3	7.1~51.4	10.4~19.6	〔14〕
巴塞尔，瑞士	饮用水	17~43	—	—	—	16~22	〔10〕
美国10个城市	饮用水	2 700	＜120	＜10	＜25	＜93	〔15〕
美因茨，德国	饮用水	20±7	5.5±0.6	31±6	—	—	〔16〕
科布伦茨，德国	饮用水	244±44	＜2	＜1	—	—	〔17〕
上海，中国	饮用水	—	98.3~147	1.6~2.3	1.5~2.5	0.8~1.6	〔14〕
塔拉戈纳，西班牙	市政废水	1 340~1 620	4 500~5 400	4 600	6 800~8 900	3 900~4 700	〔18〕
科布伦茨，德国	市政废水	35 000±3 000	18 000±2 000	131 000±12 000	60 000±6 000	—	〔4〕
约旦	地下水	10~36 000	10~180	10~790	10~250	—	〔13〕
巴塞尔，瑞士	地下水	36~94	—	—	—	—	〔10〕

检测方法	样品来源	目标化合物	回收率/%	检出限	文献
液相色谱串联质谱法	地表水、地下水、饮用水、污水	IOD、IOX、IOM、IOP、DTZ	55.1~109.5	0.4~8.1 ng/L	〔22〕
液相色谱串联质谱法	污水处理厂污泥	IOP、IOX	17~74	1.6~3.2 μg/kg	〔23〕
液相色谱串联质谱法	地表水、地下水、污水厂进出水	IOD、IOM、IOP、DTZ	＞70	10~50 ng/L	〔5〕
毛细管电泳法	血清	IOX	96~102	0.5 mg/L	〔24〕
液相色谱串联质谱法	饮用水、地下水、污水厂出水	IOD、IOX、IOM、IOP、DTZ	84~105	0.7~21 ng/L	〔25〕
液相色谱串联质谱法	污水处理厂、河流	DTZ、IOD、IOP、IOM	71.1~121.7	4.9~69.05 ng/L	〔26〕

检测方法	样品来源	目标化合物	回收率/%	检出限	文献
液相色谱串联质谱法	地表水、地下水、饮用水、污水	IOD、IOX、IOM、IOP、DTZ	55.1~109.5	0.4~8.1 ng/L	〔22〕
液相色谱串联质谱法	污水处理厂污泥	IOP、IOX	17~74	1.6~3.2 μg/kg	〔23〕
液相色谱串联质谱法	地表水、地下水、污水厂进出水	IOD、IOM、IOP、DTZ	＞70	10~50 ng/L	〔5〕
毛细管电泳法	血清	IOX	96~102	0.5 mg/L	〔24〕
液相色谱串联质谱法	饮用水、地下水、污水厂出水	IOD、IOX、IOM、IOP、DTZ	84~105	0.7~21 ng/L	〔25〕
液相色谱串联质谱法	污水处理厂、河流	DTZ、IOD、IOP、IOM	71.1~121.7	4.9~69.05 ng/L	〔26〕

去除工艺	样品来源	目标化合物	去除率/%	反应后转化产物	文献
臭氧氧化	水厂预处理单元	IOM	70	2种	〔37〕
基于紫外光的光化学氧化	尿液、污水处理厂	IOX	＞90	7种	〔38〕
电化学氧化	实验配水	IOX、IOM、IOP	＞85	—	〔39〕
电化学氧化	实验配水	DTZ、IOP、IOX	80	—	〔40〕
电化学氧化	医院废水	DTZ	80	3种	〔41〕
活性污泥	污水厂	IOX、IOM、IOP	＞80	26种	〔4〕
厌氧转化	河流	IOP	95	5种	〔42〕
移动床生物膜反应器	城市污水	IOX	79	13种	〔43〕
移动床生物膜反应器	城市污水	DTZ	73	14种	〔43〕
高铁酸钾处理	实验配水	IOD	＞90	10种	〔44〕

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