厌氧生物耦合技术强化硝基芳烃降解的研究进展

doi:10.11894/iwt.2020-0644

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

厌氧生物处理技术因其经济和高效的特点广泛应用于硝基芳烃（NACs）等难降解有机废水的治理。但由于NACs类废水毒性较强且厌氧生物代谢缓慢，限制了其实际应用效果。基于此，综述了3种一体化物化-生物耦合技术（电场、氧化还原介体、零价铁耦合厌氧生物强化技术）在强化NACs还原转化方面的研究进展，包括应用进展、影响因素、强化机制以及后续的研究方向，并进行了总结与比较，以期为NACs类废水强化处理工艺的研发提供依据和参考。

关键词: 硝基芳烃, 厌氧生物, 一体化耦合技术, 强化处理

Abstract:

The anaerobic biological technology has been widely used for the treatment of nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) enriched effluent and other poor degradable organic wastewater, with the advantages of low cost and high efficiency. However, the application for NACs anaerobic degradation has been limited due to NACs toxic effects on microorganisms and the slow anaerobic metabolism. Based on this, three types of integrated coupling technologies of the physicochemical and biological process utilized in NACs degradation, namely electric field, redox mediators and zero-valent iron coupled with anaerobic biological treatment were summarized. The application progress, influencing factors, strengthening mechanisms and further research directions of the above three coupling systems were discussed and compared in detail. It is hoped to provide supports and references for NACs enriched wastewater treatment with the enhanced treatment process.

Key words: nitro-aromatic compounds, anaerobic organism, integrated coupling technology, enhanced treatment

中图分类号:

X703

卢昕悦,张德龙,赵泉林,叶正芳. 厌氧生物耦合技术强化硝基芳烃降解的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2021, 41(6): 156-166.

Xinyue Lu,Delong Zhang,Quanlin Zhao,Zhengfang Ye. Research progress on the integrated coupling technology of anaerobic biological process for the enhanced biodegradation of nitro-aromatic compounds[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2021, 41(6): 156-166.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I6/156

图/表 4

参考文献 77

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耦合体系		电场耦合厌氧生物	氧化还原介体耦合厌氧生物	零价铁耦合厌氧生物
应用进展		双室MEC ↓单室MEC ↓无隔膜式MEC-厌氧生物反应器	水溶性介体-铁矿物-功能菌复合体系↓非水溶性介体/固定化功能介体-厌氧生物复合体系↓介体-厌氧生物反应器	ZVI-厌氧污泥↓多种类ZVI-厌氧生物反应器
处理性能	评价指标	NACs还原转化效果、耗电量、电子供体消耗量	NACs还原转化效果、介体使用量、介体循环利用率、介体材料的广普适用性	NACs还原转化效果、ZVI使用量
	经济性	中	高	低
	运行问题	双室系统中存在离子交换膜使用和维护所引发的成本增加、维护管理和二次污染的问题；单室耦合厌氧生物反应器中存在NACs对微生物的接触毒性抑制	部分介体对微生物存在毒性抑制；介体流失引发二次污染	长期运行时ZVI反应速率逐渐降低；ZVI表面易钝化失活；ZVI对微生物存在一定毒性抑制
	性能优化	优化耦合结构形式（改善电极的排布方式）；改性修饰电极材料	优化耦合结构形式（直接投加、设置一定填充区）；改性修饰介体材料	优化耦合结构形式（直接投加、设置一定填充区）；选择合适种类的ZVI；铁矿物-厌氧生物反应器；电场/介体-ZVI-厌氧生物反应器
强化机制	电场/介体/ZVI的直接效应	加快电子传递过程	加快电子传递过程	腐蚀产生H²和Fe²⁺
	微生物群落的响应	促进微生物生长; 强化微生物代谢酶活性; 影响微生物降解代谢途径; 驯化特定功能微生物	促进微生物生长; 影响微生物降解代谢途径驯化特定功能微生物	促进微生物生长; 影响微生物降解代谢途径; 驯化特定功能微生物；三价铁异化还原缓解ZVI表面钝化失活现象
	强化本质	NACs厌氧还原菌、电活性菌与发酵菌等功能菌群协同互作，形成良好的互养共生群落	NACs厌氧还原菌、电活性菌、发酵菌与产甲烷菌等功能菌群协同合作，形成良好的互养共生群落	NACs厌氧还原菌、发酵菌与产甲烷菌等功能菌群协同互作，形成良好的互养共生群落
	深入探究	电极生物膜电子传递途径及其功能菌属和表达基因	介体催化微生物还原NACs的电子传递机理	ZVI腐蚀产生的H2影响部分微生物代谢的具体途径；铁矿物促进电子传递途径及其功能菌属和表达基因

耦合体系		电场耦合厌氧生物	氧化还原介体耦合厌氧生物	零价铁耦合厌氧生物
应用进展		双室MEC ↓单室MEC ↓无隔膜式MEC-厌氧生物反应器	水溶性介体-铁矿物-功能菌复合体系↓非水溶性介体/固定化功能介体-厌氧生物复合体系↓介体-厌氧生物反应器	ZVI-厌氧污泥↓多种类ZVI-厌氧生物反应器
处理性能	评价指标	NACs还原转化效果、耗电量、电子供体消耗量	NACs还原转化效果、介体使用量、介体循环利用率、介体材料的广普适用性	NACs还原转化效果、ZVI使用量
	经济性	中	高	低
	运行问题	双室系统中存在离子交换膜使用和维护所引发的成本增加、维护管理和二次污染的问题；单室耦合厌氧生物反应器中存在NACs对微生物的接触毒性抑制	部分介体对微生物存在毒性抑制；介体流失引发二次污染	长期运行时ZVI反应速率逐渐降低；ZVI表面易钝化失活；ZVI对微生物存在一定毒性抑制
	性能优化	优化耦合结构形式（改善电极的排布方式）；改性修饰电极材料	优化耦合结构形式（直接投加、设置一定填充区）；改性修饰介体材料	优化耦合结构形式（直接投加、设置一定填充区）；选择合适种类的ZVI；铁矿物-厌氧生物反应器；电场/介体-ZVI-厌氧生物反应器
强化机制	电场/介体/ZVI的直接效应	加快电子传递过程	加快电子传递过程	腐蚀产生H²和Fe²⁺
	微生物群落的响应	促进微生物生长; 强化微生物代谢酶活性; 影响微生物降解代谢途径; 驯化特定功能微生物	促进微生物生长; 影响微生物降解代谢途径驯化特定功能微生物	促进微生物生长; 影响微生物降解代谢途径; 驯化特定功能微生物；三价铁异化还原缓解ZVI表面钝化失活现象
	强化本质	NACs厌氧还原菌、电活性菌与发酵菌等功能菌群协同互作，形成良好的互养共生群落	NACs厌氧还原菌、电活性菌、发酵菌与产甲烷菌等功能菌群协同合作，形成良好的互养共生群落	NACs厌氧还原菌、发酵菌与产甲烷菌等功能菌群协同互作，形成良好的互养共生群落
	深入探究	电极生物膜电子传递途径及其功能菌属和表达基因	介体催化微生物还原NACs的电子传递机理	ZVI腐蚀产生的H2影响部分微生物代谢的具体途径；铁矿物促进电子传递途径及其功能菌属和表达基因

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