摘要：

针对冬季温度低导致的脱氮效率下降问题，建立上流式固定床生物膜反应器（UFBR），并与传统活性污泥反应器（SASR）低温时的反硝化效果、微生物特性及群落结构进行比较，分析低温下生物膜的形成。经过160 d先逐步降温再提升硝酸盐进水负荷（NLR）的连续运行，UFBR表现出耐受低温能力强、脱氮效果优于SASR的特点；8℃下，UFBR的硝酸盐去除负荷（NRR）达到0.32 kg/（m³·d），比SASR高2倍多。低温下活性污泥产生大量胞外聚合物，发生污泥膨胀。而UFBR生物膜可分泌更多蛋白质，保护微生物免受低温影响，生物膜生长良好，菌种丰富。高通量测序结果表明，低温下UFBR中反硝化功能菌Simplicispira等丰度稳定，而SASR中的Comamonas引起高黏性污泥膨胀。

关键词: 低温, 上流式固定床生物膜反应器, 活性污泥反应器, 生物膜

Abstract:

In view of the problem of low denitrification efficiency in winter, up flow fixed bed biofilm reactor(UFBR) was established. The differences of denitrification effects, microbial characteristic, community structure between UFBR and suspended activated sludge reactor(SASR) were compared, and the formation of biofilm at low temperature was analyzed. After160 days of a gradual cooling process firstly, then increase in nitrate load rate(NLR) during continuous operation, UFBR showed stronger tolerance to low temperature, better denitrification effect than SASR. At 8℃, the nitrate removal rate(NRR) reached 0.32 kg/(m³·d), more than 2 times higher than SASR. At low temperature, activated sludge produced a large number of EPS, resulting in sludge bulking. However, low temperature stimulated biofilm to secrete more protein to protect microorganisms from low temperature. The biofilm grew well at low temperature, existed abundant microorganisms. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that abundances of denitrifying functional bacteria Simplicispira in UFBR were stable, while Comamonas in SASR caused high viscosity sludge bulking.

Key words: low temperature, upflow fixed bed biofilm reactor, suspended activated sludge reactor, biofilm

中图分类号: 

• TU991