工业水处理 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 45-50. doi: 10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-0843

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

海水淡化发展利用状况分析与启示

孙珊(), 金晓杰, 于潇潇, 由丽萍, 王立明()   

  1. 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院,山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室,山东 烟台 264006
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-28 出版日期:2022-02-20 发布日期:2022-03-15
  • 作者简介:

    孙珊(1983— ),硕士,副研究员。电话:0535-6370506,E⁃mail:

    王立明,学士,助理研究员。E⁃mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1407601)

Analysis and enlightenment on development and utilization of seawater desalination

Shan SUN(), Xiaojie JIN, Xiaoxiao YU, Liping YOU, Liming WANG()   

  1. Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Restoration,Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute,Yantai 264006,China
  • Received:2021-12-28 Online:2022-02-20 Published:2022-03-15

摘要:

我国人均淡水资源相对匮乏,不足全球平均水平的1/4。海水淡化作为沿海地区非常规的新型水资源,为水供应结构的优化和水资源的补充供给提供了有效方式。综述了我国海水资源综合利用的主要形式——海水淡化,及其技术应用。列举了几种常用淡化方法,反渗透法因设备投资少、运行费用及单位制水成本低等优点,运用最为广泛。分析了组合型技术和正渗透、太阳能等一些新型海水淡化技术的特点。对国内外海水淡化的发展利用情况进行了调研,从项目规模、技术、用途、政策等方面进行了分析汇总。探讨了目前海水淡化利用在技术创新、淡化成本、淡化水消纳及环境影响、相关政策标准等方面的问题,并提出了具有一定创新性的应对措施。

关键词: 海水淡化, 海水利用, 制度设计, 淡化水消纳, 应对措施

Abstract:

Fresh water resources of China is relatively scarce,per capita of which are less than 1/4 of the world average level. As a new type of unconventional water resource in coastal areas,seawater desalination provides an effective way for optimizing water supply structure and replenishing water resources. The main form of comprehensive utilization of seawater resources-seawater desalination in China and its technology application were introduced. Several commonly used desalination methods were listed. Among them,reverse osmosis method was the most widely used,because of its advantages of small equipment investment,low operating cost and low cost of unit water system. The characteristics of some new desalination technologies,such as combined technology,forward osmosis and solar energy,were analyzed. The development and application of seawater desalination at home and abroad were investigated,and the scale,technology,application,policy and other aspects of the project were analyzed and summarized. Some problems existing in seawater desalination utilization were discussed,including the technological innovation,the cost of desalination,the capacity of desalinated water and the environmental impact of desalination,relevant policies and standards. Some innovative solutions were put forward.

Key words: seawater desalination, comprehensive utilization of seawater, system design, desalinated water consumption, solutions

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