发电厂冷却工艺用水发展现状与展望

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-0307

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

冷却工艺用水是发电厂总用水量的主要部分。随着全球淡水资源持续紧缺，改进冷却工艺系统、提高冷却水使用效率的必要性和迫切性日益凸显。从多个方面对发电厂冷却工艺节约用水进行了论述，概述了现有冷却工艺的局限性；介绍了对发电厂冷却系统进行改进和优化以实现节水、降耗的新工艺；探讨了以海水和再生水为代表的非传统水源应用于冷却系统的可能性，以及将其应用于冷却工艺时可能面临的复杂性和挑战；介绍了冷却水处理和水质监测的关键技术，阐述了相关技术改进所能带来的节水效果；最后提出了冷却水管理方面存在的机遇与挑战。

关键词: 冷却水, 再生水, 海水冷却, 发电厂

Abstract:

Cooling water accounts for the majority of water usage in power plants. With the aggravation of water scarce all over the world, adaptive actions to optimize cooling system and improve water efficiency of cooling process are required. This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight of the issues involving water saving of cooling system for power plants. Limitation of current cooling technologies were firstly discussed. Then some retrofits and optimization of system designs that could significantly help to reduce water and energy consumption in power plant were presented. The possibity, complexities and challenges of some non-traditional water supplies such as reclaimed water and seawater recirculating cooling for power plant applications were introduced. The key technologies of water treatment and monitoring for water quality control were also illustrated and the water-saving effect brought by advanced technology was introduced. Finally, opportunities and challenges of management for cooling system were suggested.

Key words: cooling water, reclaimed water, seawater cooling, power plant

中图分类号:

TQ085
X703

刘欣, 刘玮, 龙国军, 张天成, 杨文强. 发电厂冷却工艺用水发展现状与展望[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(4): 46-57.

Xin LIU, Wei LIU, Guojun LONG, Tiancheng ZHANG, Wenqiang YANG. Development status and prospect of cooling water in power plants[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(4): 46-57.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I4/46

图/表 4

图1 辐射空冷和传统冷却结合的混合冷却系统示意

Fig.1 Schematics of the hybrid cooling system of RSC and conventional cooling strategies

图2 辐射空冷技术发展历程

Fig.2 A brief timeline of studies about RSC

图3 中国621座燃煤电站冷却水水源占比

Fig.3 The proportion of cooling water source of 621 coal-fired power plants in China

图4 发电厂-水厂/脱盐厂联合协作模式

Fig.4 Co-generation of power plant and wastewater treatment plant and/or desalination plant.

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