一体式短程反硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺研究进展

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-0345

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

短程反硝化具有稳定的亚硝态氮积累能力，这为厌氧氨氧化的应用带来曙光。相对于分段式短程反硝化-厌氧氨氧化（PD-A），一体式PD-A布局更紧凑、操作更方便。首先介绍了短程反硝化与厌氧氨氧化的脱氮机理；接着从悬浮污泥、生物膜、颗粒污泥、细胞固定系统下阐述一体式PD-A的启动方式和工艺形式，发现一体式PD-A中的空间结构不仅利于功能菌的保留还有利于衍生工艺的开发；随后从碳源、进水基质、pH等方面总结PD-A的影响因素，并介绍强化PD-A的方法；最后概括PD-A及其衍生工艺的应用进展、并探讨发展方向，发现一体式PD-A在城市污水脱氮处理以及资源化利用方面具有广阔的前景，符合我国“双碳”目标发展要求。

关键词: 短程反硝化, 厌氧氨氧化, 一体式, 工艺应用

Abstract:

Partial denitrification has a stable nitrite accumulation capacity,which holds the dawn to the application of anaerobic ammonia oxidation. Compared to the segmented partial denitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation(PD-A),the integrated PD-A is more compact and convenient in operation. In this paper, the nitrogen removal mechanism of partial denitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation was introduced initially. Then, the starting method and process form of integrated PD-A were elaborated from the suspended sludge, biofilm, granular sludge and cell immobilization system. It was found that the spatial structure of the integrated PD-A was not only conducive to the retention of functional bacteria but also beneficial to the development of derivative process. Subsequently, the factors that have effects on PD-A were summarized from the aspects of carbon source, influent water matrix, and pH, etc. The methods to enhance PD-A were introduced. Finally, the application progress of PD-A and its derivative processes was summarized, and the development direction was discussed. It was found that integrated PD-A had broad prospects in nitrogen removal and resource utilization of urban sewage, which met the development requirements of China’s “dual carbon”.

Key words: partial denitrification, anaerobic ammonia oxidation, integrated, process application

中图分类号:

X703

陈浩, 杨玉婷, 刘文如, 沈耀良. 一体式短程反硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(5): 14-23.

Hao CHEN, Yuting YANG, Wenru LIU, Yaoliang SHEN. Research progress of integrated partial denitrification-anaerobic ammonia oxidation process[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(5): 14-23.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2024/V44/I5/14

图/表 3

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70	MA Guocheng， YU Deshuang， ZHANG Jianhua，et al. A novel simultaneous partial nitrification，anammox，denitrification and fermentation process：Enhancing nitrogen removal and sludge reduction in a single reactor［J］. Bioresource Technology，2023，369：128484. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128484
71	JIANG Hao， YANG Pei， WANG Zhong，et al. Efficient and advanced nitrogen removal from mature landfill leachate via combining nitritation and denitritation with Anammox in a single sequencing batch biofilm reactor［J］. Bioresource Technology，2021，333：125138. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125138
72	WANG Zhong， ZHANG Liang， ZHANG Fangzhai，et al. Enhanced nitrogen removal from nitrate-rich mature leachate via partial denitrification（PD）-anammox under real-time control［J］. Bioresource Technology，2019，289：121615. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121615

	反应器	碳源	C/ NO₃ ^--N	调控参数	氮负荷/（kg·m^-3·d^-1）	TN去除率/%	Anammox贡献率/%	关键功能菌和丰度	参考文献
絮状-颗粒污泥	SBR， 6 L	乙醇	3	NO₃ ^--N、NH₄ ⁺-N均约为50 mg/L，27.5~16.6 ℃，HRT=24 h	0.1	85.2	89.3	Ca. K型1.01%，Thauera 45.17%	〔15〕
絮状-颗粒污泥	SBR， 6 L	乙酸	2.6	NO₃ ^--N、NH₄ ⁺-N均约为50 mg/L，27.5~16.6 ℃，HRT=24 h	0.1	93.6	95	Ca. B型0.33%，Ca. K型0.23%，Thauera 61.53%	〔15〕
颗粒污泥	SBR， 6 L	乙酸钠	2.2~2.8	NO₃ ^--N、NH₄ ⁺-N均约为50 mg/L，29.4~13.5 ℃，HRT=16 min~1 h	1.28	94.1	90	Ca. B型0.38%，Thauera 64.1%	〔16〕
	SBR， 4.8 L	模拟污水	—	COD 61.3~144.7 mg/L，NO₃ ^--N 17.7~31.7 mg/L，NH₄ ⁺-N 18.1~31.7 mg/L	0.06~0.16	92.6	—	—	〔14〕
	UASB，2 L	乙酸钠	3	NO₃ ^--N、NH₄ ⁺-N均约为20 mg/L，COD/TN=1.52，HRT=1 h，添加活性炭	1.02	80	90	Ca. B型6.24%，Thauera 17.46%	〔17〕
	UASB，2.5 L		2.2	NH₄ ⁺-N、NO₃ ^--N均为0.45~0.65，NO₃ ^--N 45~750 mg/L，30 ℃	≈1~12	85.3	—	Ca. K stuttgartiensis，Ca. Bbrasiliensis，Halomonas	〔18〕
	UASB，2 L		3.4~3	NO₃ ^--N、NH₄ ⁺-N均约为30 mg/L，COD/NO₃ ^--N=3，HRT=1.5~0.5 h，28.8~11.2 ℃，气体循环	2.88	83.9±6.8	86.5±5.3	Ca. B型3.55%，Ca. K型0.09%，Ca Jettenia，Thauera14.7%	〔1〕
生物膜	SBR，8 L	甘油	3~2	NO₃ ^--N、NH₄ ⁺-N均为60 mg/L，HRT=8 h，MBBR	—	76.6	88.01	Ca Jettenia 2.2%，Saccharimonadales 36.27%	〔19〕
	SBR，10 L	乙酸钠	2.5~2	NH₄ ⁺-N 150 mg/L，（30±5） ℃，NO₃ ^--N 160~200 mg/L，HRT 10~5 h，聚氨酯海绵填充率15%	0.78~1.7	93	—	AnAOB，生物膜11.48%，悬浮污泥0.96%	〔20〕
	SBR，3 L		3	NO₃ ^--N 30 mg/L，NH₄ ⁺-N 25 mg/L，25 ℃	—	90.7	86.6	Ca. B型生物膜33.43%，Ca. B型悬浮污泥1.01%	〔21〕
	SBR，10 L		2.5	NH₄ ⁺-N 150~50 mg/L，NO₃ ^--N 156~55 mg/L，聚氨酯海绵填料	0.21~0.61	87.6	98.2	—	〔22〕
	SBR，10 L		2.5	NH₄ ⁺-N 150~50 mg/L，NO₃ ^--N 156~55 mg/L，聚乙烯空心环填料	0.21~0.61	83.6	97.4	—	〔22〕
细胞固定	SBR，3 L		3	NH₄ ⁺-N 92.1 mg/L，NO₃ ^--N 124.9 mg/L，PVA/SA，K3填料	—	90	77.1	Ca. K型2.1%，Thauera 30.6%	〔23〕
细胞固定	UASB，4 L		2	NH₄ ⁺-N 50~100 mg/L，NO₃ ^--N 55~110 mg/L，HRT=5~2 h，HFQ8C/N凝胶颗粒，pH=7	0.5~2.52	90~71.5	—	Ca. B型4.68%，Ca. K型2.35%，Thauera 19.29%	〔24〕

	反应器	碳源	C/ NO₃ ^--N	调控参数	氮负荷/（kg·m^-3·d^-1）	TN去除率/%	Anammox贡献率/%	关键功能菌和丰度	参考文献
絮状-颗粒污泥	SBR， 6 L	乙醇	3	NO₃ ^--N、NH₄ ⁺-N均约为50 mg/L，27.5~16.6 ℃，HRT=24 h	0.1	85.2	89.3	Ca. K型1.01%，Thauera 45.17%	〔15〕
絮状-颗粒污泥	SBR， 6 L	乙酸	2.6	NO₃ ^--N、NH₄ ⁺-N均约为50 mg/L，27.5~16.6 ℃，HRT=24 h	0.1	93.6	95	Ca. B型0.33%，Ca. K型0.23%，Thauera 61.53%	〔15〕
颗粒污泥	SBR， 6 L	乙酸钠	2.2~2.8	NO₃ ^--N、NH₄ ⁺-N均约为50 mg/L，29.4~13.5 ℃，HRT=16 min~1 h	1.28	94.1	90	Ca. B型0.38%，Thauera 64.1%	〔16〕
	SBR， 4.8 L	模拟污水	—	COD 61.3~144.7 mg/L，NO₃ ^--N 17.7~31.7 mg/L，NH₄ ⁺-N 18.1~31.7 mg/L	0.06~0.16	92.6	—	—	〔14〕
	UASB，2 L	乙酸钠	3	NO₃ ^--N、NH₄ ⁺-N均约为20 mg/L，COD/TN=1.52，HRT=1 h，添加活性炭	1.02	80	90	Ca. B型6.24%，Thauera 17.46%	〔17〕
	UASB，2.5 L		2.2	NH₄ ⁺-N、NO₃ ^--N均为0.45~0.65，NO₃ ^--N 45~750 mg/L，30 ℃	≈1~12	85.3	—	Ca. K stuttgartiensis，Ca. Bbrasiliensis，Halomonas	〔18〕
	UASB，2 L		3.4~3	NO₃ ^--N、NH₄ ⁺-N均约为30 mg/L，COD/NO₃ ^--N=3，HRT=1.5~0.5 h，28.8~11.2 ℃，气体循环	2.88	83.9±6.8	86.5±5.3	Ca. B型3.55%，Ca. K型0.09%，Ca Jettenia，Thauera14.7%	〔1〕
生物膜	SBR，8 L	甘油	3~2	NO₃ ^--N、NH₄ ⁺-N均为60 mg/L，HRT=8 h，MBBR	—	76.6	88.01	Ca Jettenia 2.2%，Saccharimonadales 36.27%	〔19〕
	SBR，10 L	乙酸钠	2.5~2	NH₄ ⁺-N 150 mg/L，（30±5） ℃，NO₃ ^--N 160~200 mg/L，HRT 10~5 h，聚氨酯海绵填充率15%	0.78~1.7	93	—	AnAOB，生物膜11.48%，悬浮污泥0.96%	〔20〕
	SBR，3 L		3	NO₃ ^--N 30 mg/L，NH₄ ⁺-N 25 mg/L，25 ℃	—	90.7	86.6	Ca. B型生物膜33.43%，Ca. B型悬浮污泥1.01%	〔21〕
	SBR，10 L		2.5	NH₄ ⁺-N 150~50 mg/L，NO₃ ^--N 156~55 mg/L，聚氨酯海绵填料	0.21~0.61	87.6	98.2	—	〔22〕
	SBR，10 L		2.5	NH₄ ⁺-N 150~50 mg/L，NO₃ ^--N 156~55 mg/L，聚乙烯空心环填料	0.21~0.61	83.6	97.4	—	〔22〕
细胞固定	SBR，3 L		3	NH₄ ⁺-N 92.1 mg/L，NO₃ ^--N 124.9 mg/L，PVA/SA，K3填料	—	90	77.1	Ca. K型2.1%，Thauera 30.6%	〔23〕
细胞固定	UASB，4 L		2	NH₄ ⁺-N 50~100 mg/L，NO₃ ^--N 55~110 mg/L，HRT=5~2 h，HFQ8C/N凝胶颗粒，pH=7	0.5~2.52	90~71.5	—	Ca. B型4.68%，Ca. K型2.35%，Thauera 19.29%	〔24〕

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