工业水处理 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 24-31. doi: 10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-0386

• 专论与综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

可用于水处理的离子选择性纳米离子通道研究进展

李涵菲1,2(), 田秉晖1,2()   

  1. 1. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心, 北京 100085
    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-11 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-05-21
  • 作者简介:

    李涵菲(2000— ),硕士。电话:18810503853,E-mail:

    田秉晖,副研究员,博士。电话:13520111575,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院国际合作项目(121311KYSB20190071); “一带一路”国际科学组织联盟资助项目(ANSO-CR-KP-202005)

Research progress in ion selective nano-ions channels for water treatment

Hanfei LI1,2(), Binghui TIAN1,2()   

  1. 1. National Engineering Research Center for Industrial Wastewater Harmlessness and Recycling, Research Center for Eco Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2024-03-11 Online:2024-05-20 Published:2024-05-21

摘要:

选择性离子去除作为一种新兴的水处理方法,已被用于废水中的养分回收、水的软化、从盐水提取关键矿物质以及工业废水的利用等水处理领域。生物离子通道具有高效的单离子选择性,在过去的20 a里,纳米级和亚纳米级离子通道都被成功制备出来以模拟生物离子通道。主要介绍了天然离子通道的概念和理论框架,综述了目前纳米离子通道膜的材料与制备方法,总结了典型水污染离子的纳米离子通道选择性及优缺点和研究方向。单/多价离子之间的离子大小、电荷和亲疏水差异可测量,因此构建单/多价之间的离子选择性通道的基础是通道尺寸、表面电荷和亲疏水性的调节。而单价离子间尺寸差异并不显著,因此,特异性离子结合相互作用被引入到亚1 nm通道中以实现单离子选择性。分析了理想的纳米离子通道如何构建,提出目标离子选择性通常取决于通道的物理和化学性质,包括孔径、通道维度、表面电荷、功能位点和通道壁极性等,通过改变或优化这几种因素,可以提高膜对于目标离子的选择性分离。最后,对未来将膜技术与纳米离子通道结合以实现离子选择性去除进行了展望。

关键词: 纳米级离子通道, 离子选择膜, 膜处理技术, 溶质-溶质分离

Abstract:

Selective ion removal technology becomes an emerging water treatment method for nutrient recovery in wastewater, water softening, extraction of key minerals from brine, and utilization of industrial wastewater. Biological ion channels have efficient single ion selectivity,and both nanoscale and sub-nanoscale ion channels have been successfully prepared to simulate biological ion channels in the past two decades. This paper mainly introduces the conceptual and theoretical framework of natural ion channel, reviews the current materials and preparation methods of nano ion channel membranes, and summarizes the selectivity of nano ion channels for typical water pollution ions as well as their advantages, disadvantages and research directions. The difference of ion size, charge and hydrophilicity between univalent and multivalent ions can be measured, so the basis for constructing ion selective channels is the adjustment of channel size, surface charge and hydrophilicity. Whereas the size difference between univalent ions is not significant, specific ion binding interactions are introduced into sub 1 nm channels to achieve single ion selectivity. This paper analyzes how to construct an ideal nano ion channel, and proposes that the selectivity of target ions usually depends on the physical and chemical properties of the channel, including pore size, channel dimension, surface charge, functional sites and channel wall polarity. By changing or optimizing these factors, the selective separation of target ions by membrane can be improved. Finally, the prospect of combining membrane technology with nano ion channel for ion selective removal is presented.

Key words: nanoscale ion channels, ion selective membrane, membrane treatment technology, solute-solute separation

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