OAAO-MBR工艺在市政污水处理厂提标改造中的应用

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0530

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对太湖流域某全地下式市政污水处理厂改良型厌氧-缺氧-好氧-膜生物反应器（AAO-MBR）处理工艺存在的出水TN难以稳定达标的困境，采用基于DO和氧化还原电位（ORP）优化控制的兼氧-微氧-微氧-好氧-膜生物反应器（OAAO-MBR）工艺进行提标改造。通过对运行环境的合理调控，实现出水水质的稳定提升。研究结果表明，OAAO-MBR工艺的膜出水COD、NH₄ ⁺-N、TN、TP分别控制在30、1.5、10、0.3 mg/L以内，均能满足苏州特别排放限值规定的出水水质。与改造前同期相比，OAAO-MBR工艺对脱氮的碳源消耗减少了33.16%。结合各处理单元氮污染物转化及微生物群落结构推测，Nitrospira和Ellin6067在微氧Ⅰ区起短程硝化作用，Nitrospira与Nitrosomonas在好氧区起硝化作用；反硝化反应广泛存在于各处理单元中，其中Bacillus作为典型好氧反硝化菌在好氧区发挥重要作用。

关键词: 市政污水处理厂, 提标改造, OAAO-MBR工艺, ORP控制, 脱氮机制

Abstract:

Aiming at the dilemma of the difficulty in meeting the standard of effluent TN stably in a modified anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic-membrane bioreactor (AAO-MBR) treatment process of an all-underground municipal wastewater treatment plant in Taihu Basin, this research employed the oxic-anoxic-anaerobic-oxic-membrane bioreactor (OAAO-MBR) process based on optimal control of DO and ORP for upgrading and reconstruction. By appropriate regulation of the operating environment, stable improvement of effluent wastewater quality was achieved. Our research showed that the effluent COD, NH₄ ⁺-N, TN and TP of the OAAO-MBR process were controlled within 30,1.5, 10 and 0.3 mg/L, respectively, which could meet the effluent quality of Suzhou special discharge limit value. Compared with the same period before upgrading and reconstruction, the carbon source consumption for nitrogen removal by OAAO-MBR process was reduced by 33.16%. Combined with the transformation of nitrogen pollutants and microbial community structure in each treatment unit, it was speculated that Nitrospira and Ellin6067 played the role of short-range nitrification in anoxic Ⅰ zone, while Nitrospira and Nitrosomonas played a role of nitrification in aerobic zone. Denitrification was widely observed in each treatment unit, specifically, Bacillus played an important role in aerobic zone as a typical aerobic denitrifying bacterium.

Key words: municipal wastewater treatment plant, upgrading and reconstruction, OAAO-MBR process, ORP control, nitrogen removal mechanism

中图分类号:

X703

赵凯宁, 唐升引, 邓岳鹏, 张诗剑, 杨锴, 郭民, 张锡辉. OAAO-MBR工艺在市政污水处理厂提标改造中的应用[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(4): 176-185.

Kaining ZHAO, Shengyin TANG, Yuepeng DENG, Shijian ZHANG, Kai YANG, Min GUO, Xihui ZHANG. Application of OAAO-MBR process for upgrading and reconstruction of municipal wastewater treatment plant[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(4): 176-185.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I4/176

图/表 14

表1 设计进出水水质 (mg/L)

Table 1 Designed wastewater qualities in influent and effluent

项目	COD	BOD₅	SS	NH $4 +$ -N	TN	TP
设计进水	≤350	≤150	≤210	≤42.0	≤48.0	≤5.40
设计出水	≤30	≤6	≤10	≤1.5	≤10.0	≤0.30

表1 设计进出水水质 (mg/L)

Table 1 Designed wastewater qualities in influent and effluent

项目	COD	BOD₅	SS	NH $4 +$ -N	TN	TP
设计进水	≤350	≤150	≤210	≤42.0	≤48.0	≤5.40
设计出水	≤30	≤6	≤10	≤1.5	≤10.0	≤0.30

图1 原有改良型AAO-MBR工艺流程

Fig.1 Flow chart of original improved AAO-MBR process

图2 OAAO-MBR提标改造工艺流程

Fig.2 Flow chart of OAAO-MBR process for upgrading and reconstruction

图3 OAAO-MBR工艺各处理单元平面图

Fig.3 Layout diagram of each treatment unit of OAAO-MBR

表2 OAAO-MBR工艺各处理单元关键控制参数

Table 2 Key control parameters for each treatment unit of OAAO-MBR process

参数	DO/（mg·L^-1）	ORP/mV	HRT/h
兼氧区	0.5~1.0	50~150	1.66
微氧Ⅰ区	0.2~0.5	-100~50	2.82
微氧Ⅱ区	≤0.2	-300～-100	3.63
好氧区	≥2.0	≥100	1.83

图4 提标改造不同运行段COD去除情况

Fig.4 Removal performances of COD during different operation periods of the upgrading and reconstruction

图5 提标改造不同运行段TN去除情况

Fig.5 Removal performances of TN during different operation periods of the upgrading and reconstruction

图6 提标改造不同运行段NH₄ ⁺-N去除情况

Fig.6 Removal performances of NH₄ ⁺-N during different operation periods of the upgrading and reconstruction

图7 提标改造后OAAO-MBR工艺不同运行段NO₃ ^--N变化情况

Fig.7 Removal performances of NO₃ ^--N by OAAO-MBR process after the upgrading and reconstruction

图8 提标改造不同运行段TP去除情况

Fig.8 Removal performances of TP during different operation periods of the upgrading and reconstruction

图9 提标改造不同运行段DO变化情况

Fig.9 The variations of DO during different operation periods of the upgrading and reconstruction

图10 提标改造后春季和夏季OAAO-MBR工艺各处理单元ORP

Fig.10 ORP in different treatment units of OAAO-MBR process in spring and summer after the upgrading and reconstruction

表3 OAAO-MBR工艺各处理单元微生物群落组成Alpha多样性

Table 3 Alpha diversity of microbial community composition in different treatment units of OAAO process

多样性参数	兼氧区	微氧Ⅰ区	微氧Ⅱ区	好氧区
Richness	1 761	1 816	1 837	1 772
Chao1	1 761.6	1 816.7	1 837.5	1 772.3
Shannon	207	204	190	189
Simpson	0.012 8	0.014 0	0.014 8	0.015 1
Equitability	0.714	0.709	0.698	0.701

图11 OAAO-MBR工艺各处理单元AOB、NOB和DNB相对丰度（a），AOB、NOB和DNB总相对丰度（b）

Fig.11 Relative abundance of AOB，NOB，and DNB（a），total relative abundance of AOB，NOB，and DNB in each treatment unit of OAAO-MBR process（b）

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