Fe/Ca改性生物炭的制备及其对磷的吸附性能

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0519

工业水处理 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 49-57. doi: 10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0519

Fe/Ca改性生物炭的制备及其对磷的吸附性能

汤宇超¹(), 钱飞跃¹^,²^,³, 王思凡⁴, 张良¹, 闻可谐¹, 王建芳¹^,²^,³^,⁴()

^1. 苏州科技大学环境科学与工程学院，江苏苏州 215009
^2. 城市生活污水资源化利用技术国家地方联合工程实验室，江苏苏州 215009
^3. 江苏高校水处理技术与材料协同创新中心，江苏苏州 215009
^4. 苏州科技大学天平学院，江苏苏州 215009

收稿日期:2024-11-05 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2024-11-06
通讯作者: 王建芳
作者简介:
汤宇超（1998—　），硕士研究生，E-mail：784137887@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51878430); 江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2021339)

Preparation and phosphorus adsorption performance of Fe/Ca modified biochar

Yuchao TANG¹(), Feiyue QIAN¹^,²^,³, Sifan WANG⁴, Liang ZHANG¹, Kexie WEN¹, Jianfang WANG¹^,²^,³^,⁴()

^1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
^2. National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
^3. Jiangsu High Education Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou 215009, China
^4. Tianping College, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China

Received:2024-11-05 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2024-11-06
Contact: Jianfang WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物炭吸附除磷是兼具废物资源化和环境保护双重功能的可持续处理技术。以花生壳为原料，Fe/Ca为改性剂，制备Fe/Ca改性生物炭，并对其制备条件进行优化。考察了初始磷质量浓度和pH对改性生物炭吸附磷性能的影响，分析了改性生物炭对磷的吸附动力学和热力学，表征了吸附沉积物组分。结果表明，当铁溶液浓度为1 mol/L，Fe/Ca改性生物炭（1FCBC）具有良好的孔隙结构，在pH 3~9范围内都具有良好的磷吸附量；当初始溶液pH=7，初始PO₄ ^3--P质量浓度500 mg/L时，1FCBC对磷的吸附量达301.62 mg/g。改性生物炭1FCBC对磷的吸附符合准二级反应动力学方程及Freundlich等温方程，属于不均质表面的多相化学吸附，PO₄ ^3--P最大吸附量可达658.69 mg/g。吸附产物主要为蓝铁矿和少量的铁钙磷复合物质，磷含量接近天然磷矿，具有良好的回收价值。

关键词: 铁钙改性, 磁性生物炭, 磷酸盐, 蓝铁矿

Abstract:

Phosphorus removal by biochar adsorption is a sustainable treatment technology with the function of waste resource utilization and environmental protection. Using peanut shell as raw material and Fe/Ca as modifiers, Fe/Ca modified biochar was prepared, and the preparation conditions were optimized. The effects of initial phosphorus concentration and pH on phosphorus adsorption performance by modified biochar were investigated. The adsorption kinetics, adsorption thermodynamic of biochar and adsorbed sediment fractions were explored. The results showed that when the iron solution concentration was 1 mol/L, the iron-calcium modified biochar(1FCBC) exhibited a well-developed pore structure and maintained high phosphorus adsorption capacity within the pH range of 3-9. When the initial solution pH was 7 and the initial phosphorus mass concentration was 500 mg/L, the adsorption capacity of 1FCBC for phosphorus reached 301.62 mg/g. The phosphorus adsorption by the modified biochar 1FCBC followed the quasi-secondary kinetic equation and Freundlich equation, indicating heterogeneous surface chemical adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of PO₄ ^3--P was up to 658.69 mg/g. The adsorption products were mainly vivianite and a small amount of iron-calcium phosphate complexes, with phosphorus content close to that of natural phosphorus ore, demonstrating good recycling value.

Key words: iron/calcium modification, magnetic biochar, phosphate, vivianite

中图分类号:

X703

汤宇超, 钱飞跃, 王思凡, 张良, 闻可谐, 王建芳. Fe/Ca改性生物炭的制备及其对磷的吸附性能[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(7): 49-57.

Yuchao TANG, Feiyue QIAN, Sifan WANG, Liang ZHANG, Kexie WEN, Jianfang WANG. Preparation and phosphorus adsorption performance of Fe/Ca modified biochar[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(7): 49-57.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I7/49

图/表 14

图1 未改性花生壳生物炭（a、b）和Fe/Ca改性花生壳生物炭（c、d）的SEM

Fig.1 SEM images of unmodified peanut shell biochar（a，b）and peanut shell biochar modified with Fe/Ca（c，d）

图2 改性生物炭的磁性特征

Fig.2 Magnetic characteristics of modified biochar

图3 Fe/Ca改性生物炭的XRD衍射谱图

Fig.3 XRD diffraction spectrum of Fe/Ca modified biochar

表1 不同浓度Fe³⁺溶液改性生物炭的比表面积和孔结构

Table1 Specific surface area and pore structure of modified biochar with different Fe³⁺ concentration solutions

改性生物炭	比表面积/（m²·g^-1）	平均孔径/nm	孔体积/（cm³·g^-1）
0.5FCBC	0.465	46.126	0.005 8
1FCBC	1.492	83.684	0.031 3
1.5FCBC	2.113	32.278	0.173 1
2FCBC	4.028	25.613	0.026 7

图4 不同初始pH下各种生物炭的磷吸附量、去除率（a）和吸附后溶液最终pH（b）

Fig.4 Adsorption capacity，removal rate of phosphorus by various biochars（a） and final pH of the solution after adsorption（b） at different initial pH

图5 初始磷质量浓度对各种生物炭吸附除磷效果的影响

Fig.5 Effect of initial phosphorus mass concentration on adsorption of phosphorus by various biochars

图6 FCBC吸附动力学分析

Fig.6 Adsorption kinetics analysis of FCBC

表2 反应动力学拟合参数

Table 2 Reaction kinetics fitting parameters

改性生物炭	准一级反应动力学			准二级反应动力学			Elovich反应动力学
改性生物炭	q _e/（mg·g^-1）	k ₁/h^-1	R ²	q _e/（mg·g^-1）	k ₂	R ²	α/（mg·g^-1·h^-1）	β/（g·mg^-1）	R ²
0.5FCBC	5.552	0.182	0.963	5.697	0.055	0.985	2 912.9	2.613	0.963
1FCBC	7.487	0.157	0.919	7.739	0.031	0.968	386.8	1.607	0.972
1.5FCBC	7.221	0.179	0.962	7.404	0.041	0.984	859.9	1.758	0.933
2FCBC	4.315	0.187	0.909	4.444	0.068	0.960	860.6	3.111	0.969

图7 FCBC等温吸附拟合曲线

Fig.7 Isothermal adsorption fitting curve of FCBC

表3 等温吸附模型拟合参数

Table 3 Fitted parameters of adsorption isotherm models

改性生物炭	Langmuir			Freundlich
改性生物炭	q _m/（mg·g^-1）	K _L/（L·g^-1）	R ²	K _F/（L^1/ ⁿ ·mg^1-1/ ⁿ ·g^-1）	1/n	R ²
0.5FCBC	46.91	0.068	0.938	11.77	0.24	0.941
1FCBC	658.69	0.003	0.941	7.21	0.64	0.982
1.5FCBC	613.18	0.001	0.917	3.61	0.73	0.951
2FCBC	99.07	0.138	0.998	7.93	0.398	0.925

图8 1FCBC吸附磷后表面产生的片状结晶（a）和球状结晶（b）的SEM，球状结晶的EDS图（c、d）

Fig.8 SEM of lamellar crystals （a） and spherical crystals （b） generated on the surface of 1FCBC after adsorbing phosphorus，EDS of spherical crystals（c，d）

图9 1FCBC中磷结晶产物的XRD

Fig.9 XRD of phosphorus crystalline products in 1FCBC

图10 各类型生物炭吸附磷产物中磷形态分布

Fig.10 Proportion of phosphorus forms in the phosphorus-adsorbing products of various types of biochar

表4 不同生物炭吸附条件和磷吸附量比较

Table 4 Comparison of various biochar adsorption conditions and phosphorus adsorption capacities

生物炭	适用pH	磷质量浓度/（mg·L^-1）	BC投加量/（g·L^-1）	最大吸附量/（mg·g^-1）	参考文献
ZnCl₂改性活性椰壳炭	3~10	150	5	5.1	〔36〕
H₂SO₄活化活性椰壳炭	6~10	1 000	3	116.82	〔23〕
磁性水葫芦生物炭	3~8	40	6	5.1	〔37〕
Na₂O·nSiO₂改性花生壳炭	3~7	50	1	2.2~3	〔38〕
铁钙改性竹子生物炭	5~9	200	2.5	58.24	〔19〕
消化甜菜尾渣生物炭	4.1	640	2	133.1	〔39〕
Fe/Ca改性花生壳生物炭	3~9	5	0.5	9.80	本研究
Fe/Ca改性花生壳生物炭	3~9	500	0.5	301.62	本研究

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