摘要:
以驻马店市某制药厂废水为研究对象,评估该制药废水处理工艺流程中4个节点(进水、生物处理出水、类Fenton反应出水和Fenton反应出水)水样对不同营养级别指示生物的急性毒性效应,并分析4个工艺节点对生物急性毒性的削减效果。结果表明,制药废水进水对发光细菌、斜生栅藻、大型蚤、斑马鱼和本土鲫鱼的半数效应浓度(EC50)在4.85%~15.40%,急性毒性单位(Acute toxic unit,TUa)在6.5~20.6,属于高毒废水。生物处理对制药废水中COD和TOC的去除率高达94%,对各指示生物的毒性去除率(以TUa表征)>80%。高级氧化出水仅大型蚤可测出急性毒性(TUa=1.07),其余指示生物的EC50>100%且TUa<1,属于无毒或微毒废水。该制药厂现有工艺有效去除了制药废水对指示生物的急性毒性,且大型蚤对制药废水出水的毒性更加灵敏,本土鲫鱼灵敏性高于斑马鱼。理化指标与毒性指标无显著相关性,建议采用不同指示生物的最低无效应稀释度(Lowest ineffective dilution,LID)作为废水综合毒性排放限值。
关键词:
制药废水,
急性毒性评价,
毒性削减,
毒性灵敏性
Abstract:
The wastewater from a pharmaceutical factory in Zhumadian was used as the research object to evaluate the acute toxicity effects of four process nodes in the wastewater treatment process (influent, biological treatment effluent, Fenton-like reaction effluent, and Fenton reaction effluent) on indicator organisms of different trophic levels, and to analyze the reduction effect of the four process nodes on the acute toxicity of organisms. The results showed that the EC50 of luminescent bacteria, Scendesmus obliquus, Daphnia magna, zebrafish, and native crucian carp in the wastewater from pharmaceutical factories ranged from 4.85% to 15.40%, and the TUa ranged from 6.5 to 20.6, indicating highly toxic wastewater. Biological treatment achieved removal rates of up to 94% for COD and TOC, with toxicity removal rate (as indicated by TUa) exceeding 80% for each indicator organism. In the advanced oxidation effluent, only Daphnia magna exhibited measurable acute toxicity (TUa=1.07), while the EC50 for other indicator organisms surpassed 100% and TUa was below 1, the wastewater was classified as non-toxic or slightly toxic. The current process at the pharmaceutical factory effectively mitigated the acute toxicity of the wastewater towards organisms, with Daphnia magna demonstrating greater sensitivity to the toxicity of the treated effluent, and native crucian carp showing higher sensitivity compared to zebrafish. No significant correlation was observed between physicochemical indicators and toxicity indicators. Therefore, it was recommended to adopt the lowest ineffective dilution (LID) for different indicator organisms as the comprehensive toxicity emission limit for wastewater.
Key words:
pharmaceutical wastewater,
acute toxicity assessment,
toxicity reduction efficiency,
toxicity sensitivity
中图分类号:
路忻, 张清敏, 马翠, 刘玉浩. 驻马店市某制药厂废水的生物毒性评价[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(9): 64-70.
Xin LU, Qingmin ZHANG, Cui MA, Yuhao LIU. Evaluation of biological toxicity of wastewater from a pharmaceutical factory in Zhumadian[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(9): 64-70.