Degradation of sulfamethoxazole by electroflocculation activated permonosulfate

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-1022

Abstract

Abstract:

The electroflocculation（EC）/permonosulfate（PMS） system was used to degrade sulfamethoxazole （SMX）. The effects of current，PMS and SMX concentrations and initial pH on the degradation of SMX were investigated. The electrochemical energy consumption was compared under different current conditions，and the active species present in the reaction process were analyzed based on the quenching experiment. The results showed that the degradation rate of SMX could reach 97.8% within 6 min by EC/PMS system under the conditions of the initial SMX mass concentrations of 1 mg/L，the initial pH=7，the PMS dosage of 20 μmol/L，and the current of 10 mA. Compared with the single Fe²⁺ system，electroflocculation system and PMS/Fe²⁺ system under the same conditions，the EC/PMS system had a higher degradation rate of SMX. The degradation rate of SMX increased with the increased of current and PMS concentration within a certain range，but the degradation of SMX was inhibited by the current exceeding 40 mA or the PMS concentration exceeding 20 μmol/L. When the degradation rate was basically the same，under the condition of 10 mA current for 6 min，the electrochemical energy consumption was 9.65×10^-4 kW·h/m³，which was much less than the energy consumption （3.74×10^-3 kW·h /m³） of 2 min at 40 mA current. EC/PMS system had better adaptability to pH，when the initial pH was 3-9，SMX could be effectively degraded. An increase in the initial concentration of SMX decreased the rate of SMX degradation，but the total amount of SMX degradation increased. The free radical quenching experiments showed that the main active species in the activation process were sulfate radicals and hydroxyl radicals，and sulfate radicals accounted for a large proportion.

Key words: electroflocculation, activation, persulfate, sulfamethoxazole

摘要：

采用电絮凝（EC）/过单硫酸盐（PMS）体系降解磺胺甲唑（SMX），考察了电流、PMS和SMX浓度及反应初始pH对SMX降解的影响，比较了不同电流条件下的电化学能耗，并基于猝灭实验，分析了反应过程中存在的活性物种。结果表明：在SMX质量浓度为1 mg/L、初始pH=7、PMS浓度为20 μmol/L、电流为10 mA的条件下，6 min内EC/PMS体系对SMX降解率可达97.8%，较同等条件下单一Fe²⁺体系、电絮凝体系和Fe²⁺活化PMS体系的SMX的降解率有大幅提高；在一定范围内随着电流和PMS浓度增大，SMX降解率增大，但是电流超过40 mA或PMS浓度超过20 μmol/L均会抑制SMX的降解；在降解率基本持平时，10 mA电流条件下电解6 min，电化学能耗为9.65×10^-4 kW·h/m³，远小于40 mA电流条件下电解2 min的能耗（3.74×10^-3 kW·h/m³）；EC/PMS体系对pH有较好的适应性，当初始pH为3~9时，SMX均能被有效降解；SMX初始浓度的增加会降低SMX降解率，但SMX降解总量会增加；自由基猝灭实验表明，活化过程中的主要活性物种为硫酸根自由基和羟基自由基，且硫酸根自由基所占比例较大。

关键词: 电絮凝, 活化, 过硫酸盐, 磺胺甲唑

CLC Number:

Xiaoyan LIU, Huan ZHAN, Zhongwei YE, Shiwei XIE, Songlin WANG. Degradation of sulfamethoxazole by electroflocculation activated permonosulfate[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2022, 42(7): 80-86.

刘晓艳, 詹焕, 叶中伟, 谢世伟, 王松林. 电絮凝活化过单硫酸盐降解磺胺甲唑[J]. 工业水处理, 2022, 42(7): 80-86.

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URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-1022

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2022/V42/I7/80

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the experimental device

Fig. 2 Degradation efficiency of SMX in different systems

Fig. 3 The effect of current on the degradation of SMX in EC/PMS system

Table 1 Comparison of energy consumption when the degradation rate was basically the same under the current of 10 mA and 40 mA

电流/mA	电解时间/min	降解率/%	E _EO/（kW·h·m^-3）
10	6	97.8	9.65×10^-4
40	2	97.3	3.74×10^-3

Fig. 4 The effect of PMS concentration on the degradation of SMX in the EC/PMS system

Fig. 5 The effect of initial pH on the degradation of SMX in the EC/PMS system

Fig. 6 The effect of initial SMX mass concentration on the degradation of SMX in the EC/PMS system

Table 2 Total degradation of SMX under different SMX mass concentrations

初始SMX质量浓度/（mg·L^-1）	0.5	1	2	4
降解总量/mg	0.245	0.489	0.799	0.976

Fig.7 The effect of quencher on the degradation of SMX

Fig. 8 Schematic diagram of the mechanism of degradation of SMX in EC/PMS system

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