Research progress of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment technology

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-1117

Abstract

Abstract:

Pharmaceutical wastewater has become one of the refractory industrial wastewater due to its high organic content，strong toxicity and complex pollutant components. The discharge of pharmaceutical wastewater without treatment or not up to standard after treatment will pose a potential threat to organism health and environment through a variety of ways，causing problems such as bioaccumulation and widespread drug resistance. How to effectively treat it has become a research hotspot in the field of water treatment. In this paper，the current research progress of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment technology and the combination of multiple technologies was systematically summarized from three aspects of physical method，chemical method and biological method. Combined with the latest research reports and application cases in this field，it was pointed out that the current wastewater treatment technology had many problems，such as high cost，low efficiency and poor treatment effect，and made a prospect for the future technology development according to the existing problems. At last，it was pointed out that the short process-classification treatment，separate-quality-recovery and utilization of valuable component，and collaborative optimization of wastewater treatment in process units and enterprises were effective ways to achieve low-carbon and efficient treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater.

Key words: pharmaceutical wastewater, refractory, multi-technology combination, resource utilization

摘要：

制药废水因有机物含量高、毒性强、污染物组分复杂而成为难降解工业废水之一。未经处理或者未处理达标即排放的制药废水会通过多种途径对生物体健康和环境构成潜在威胁，引起如生物蓄积、广泛耐药性等问题，如何对其进行有效处理已成为水处理领域的研究热点。从物理法、化学法、生物法3个方面，系统地总结了目前制药废水单项处理技术及其联用技术的研究进展，结合本领域最新的研究报道及应用实例，指出了目前制药废水处理技术多存在成本高、效率低、处理效果不佳等问题，并根据目前存在的问题对未来技术发展进行了前景展望，指出短流程-分类处理、有价组分分质回收利用、工艺单元以及企业之间废水处理的协同优化是实现制药废水低碳、高效治理的有效途径。

关键词: 制药废水, 难降解, 多技术联用, 资源化利用

CLC Number:

X787

Bin LI, Chenyang ZHANG, Weiwei TAO. Research progress of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment technology[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2022, 42(11): 7-17.

李彬, 张晨阳, 陶伟伟. 制药废水处理技术研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2022, 42(11): 7-17.

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URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-1117

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2022/V42/I11/7

Figures/Tables 5

Table 1 Source and classification of pharmaceutical wastewater

	生物制药废水	化学制药废水	植物提取类制药废水	生物制品废水	制剂生产废水
主生产过程排水	$√$		$√$	$√$
辅助过程排水	$√$	$√$		$√$
冲洗水	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$
生活污水	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$
母液类废水	$√$
回收残液		$√$

Table 1 Source and classification of pharmaceutical wastewater

	生物制药废水	化学制药废水	植物提取类制药废水	生物制品废水	制剂生产废水
主生产过程排水	$√$		$√$	$√$
辅助过程排水	$√$	$√$		$√$
冲洗水	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$
生活污水	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$	$√$
母液类废水	$√$
回收残液		$√$

Table 2 Statistics of wastewater discharge in our country

	全国工业（废水）	制药工业（废水）
COD排放量/万t	77.200	9.624
COD排放量占比/%	100.000	12.000
总氮排放量/万t	3.500	0.763
总氮排放量占比/%	100.000	21.800
总磷排放量/万t	0.800	0.148
总磷排放量占比/%	100.000	8.300
工业生产总值占比/%	100.000	1.700

Fig. 1 Treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater by reverse osmosis

Fig. 2 Action mechanism of advanced oxidation method

Fig. 3 MFC mechanism diagram

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