Research progress on autotrophic denitrification and phosphorus removal of sulfur/iron sulphide

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-1147

Abstract

Abstract:

It is necessary to use sulfur/iron sulfide autotrophic denitrification for advanced treatment of wastewater due to low concentration of N and P in secondary effluent， the large amount of sewage discharge causes eutrophication of the water body， and the low carbon-nitrogen ratio of the secondary effluent which can’t be treated by traditional denitrification. The basic principles of denitrification and phosphorus removal by autotrophic denitrifying bacteria using sulfur and iron sulfides， and the reaction pathway of denitrifying bacteria using sulfur and iron as electron donors were described. The effects of hydraulic retention time （HRT）， temperature and pH on the process of autotrophic denitrification of sulfur/iron sulfides were discussed. The study showed that increasing HRT could improve the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus by sulfur/iron sulfide autotrophic denitrification. Denitrifying bacteria were thermophilic bacteria， and the temperature below 20 ℃ significantly inhibited the denitrification rate. The activity of sulfur/iron sulfide autotrophic denitrification bacteria was the highest at pH 6.5-7.0， and the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus was the best. The sulfur to nitrogen ratio， COD also affect the removal efficiency of sulfur/iron sulfide autotrophic denitrification on nitrogen and phosphorus. The main microbial species and relative abundance in the process of autotrophic denitrification of sulfur/iron sulfide were introduced. The engineering application on denitrification of sulfur/iron sulfide autotrophic denitrification for nitrogen and phosphorus removal at home and abroad was summarized， and the problems and solution directions in the process were pointed out.

Key words: autotrophic denitrification, sulfur, iron sulphides, denitrificaticn, phosphorus romoval

摘要：

二级出水中的氮、磷浓度虽较低，但污水排放量大，是造成水体富营养化的原因之一；且二级出水的碳氮比低，采用传统反硝化工艺无法达到脱氮除磷的需求。利用硫/铁硫化物自养反硝化深度处理污水是有必要的。阐述了自养反硝化菌利用硫/铁硫化物进行反硝化脱氮除磷的基本原理，以及反硝化菌用铁硫化物作电子供体的反应途径，论述了水力停留时间（HRT）、温度、pH对硫/铁硫化物自养反硝化过程的影响。研究表明：增加HRT可以提高硫/铁硫化物自养反硝化对氮、磷的去除率；反硝化菌群属于嗜温性菌，温度低于20 ℃明显抑制反硝化速率；pH为6.5~7.0时硫/铁硫化物自养反硝化菌群的活性最高，对氮、磷的去除效果最好；硫氮比、COD等也会影响硫/铁硫化物自养反硝化对氮、磷的去除效率。介绍了前人研究硫/铁硫化物自养反硝化过程中主要的微生物种类和相对丰度，总结了国内外关于硫/铁硫化物自养反硝化脱氮除磷的工程实际应用，并指出工艺中存在的问题及解决方向。

关键词: 自养反硝化, 硫, 铁硫化物, 脱氮, 除磷

CLC Number:

X506

Qiu WEI,Chunrong WANG,Junxue SONG,Miaomiao LIU,Zhe ZHANG,Xin HU. Research progress on autotrophic denitrification and phosphorus removal of sulfur/iron sulphide[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2022, 42(12): 10-16.

魏秋,王春荣,宋俊学,刘苗苗,张浙,胡馨. 硫/铁硫化物自养反硝化脱氮除磷研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2022, 42(12): 10-16.

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填料	粒径/ mm	HRT	进水中的氮/（mg·L^-1）	氮去除率/%	进水中的磷/（mg·L^-1）	磷去除率/%	进水	文献
黄铁矿	0.05~0.1	11.6 d	34.44	100	—	—	配水	〔13〕
磁黄铁矿	2.36~5.12	48 h	27.5±0.4	98.97±0.14	5.9±0.2	96.33±0.86	配水	〔6〕
		24 h	27.2±0.6	95.84±0.48	6.1±0.2	95.49±1.68
		12 h	26.7±0.4	75.06±1.26	6.1±0.1	94.66±0.74
		24 h	21.11±6.5	91.04	3.4±2.2	90.00	二级出水
m（硫）∶m（石灰石）=1∶1	3~15	3 h	13	99	—	—	配水	〔14〕
m（硫）∶m（石灰石）=1∶1	3~15	4 h	43	80~90	—	—	配水	〔14〕
m（黄铁矿）∶m（石灰石）=（3~10）∶1	<25	5 d	25.53	99	4.17	100	二级出水	〔15〕
磁黄铁矿	2~20	24 h	27	95.8	6	96.3	配水	〔16〕
磁黄铁矿	2~20	12 h	29.99±17.58	88.39±6.08	3.99±2.36	86.99±11.4	二级出水	〔16〕
m（磁黄铁矿）∶m（硫）∶m（石灰石）=6∶3∶1	1.7~5	3 h	18	98.44	0.5	100	配水	〔17〕
m（磁黄铁矿）∶m（硫）∶m（石灰石）=6∶3∶1	1.7~5	1.5 h	18	74.66	0.5	92	配水	〔17〕
磁黄铁矿	1.7~4	12 h	30.95±0.97	96.2±7.1	3.02±0.10	97.0±3.5	配水	〔18〕
黄铁矿	5~7	6 d	15.5±0.8	89.3±3.0	0.8±0.1	81.6±4.0	配水	〔19〕
硫	2	2.25/4 h	10/20	99.18	—	—	配水	〔20〕
m（硫）∶m（石灰石）∶m（活性炭）=5∶4∶1	10	1 h	50	58	—	—	配水	〔21〕
		2 h		79
		3 h		85
		4 h		86

填料	粒径/ mm	HRT	进水中的氮/（mg·L^-1）	氮去除率/%	进水中的磷/（mg·L^-1）	磷去除率/%	进水	文献
黄铁矿	0.05~0.1	11.6 d	34.44	100	—	—	配水	〔13〕
磁黄铁矿	2.36~5.12	48 h	27.5±0.4	98.97±0.14	5.9±0.2	96.33±0.86	配水	〔6〕
		24 h	27.2±0.6	95.84±0.48	6.1±0.2	95.49±1.68
		12 h	26.7±0.4	75.06±1.26	6.1±0.1	94.66±0.74
		24 h	21.11±6.5	91.04	3.4±2.2	90.00	二级出水
m（硫）∶m（石灰石）=1∶1	3~15	3 h	13	99	—	—	配水	〔14〕
m（硫）∶m（石灰石）=1∶1	3~15	4 h	43	80~90	—	—	配水	〔14〕
m（黄铁矿）∶m（石灰石）=（3~10）∶1	<25	5 d	25.53	99	4.17	100	二级出水	〔15〕
磁黄铁矿	2~20	24 h	27	95.8	6	96.3	配水	〔16〕
磁黄铁矿	2~20	12 h	29.99±17.58	88.39±6.08	3.99±2.36	86.99±11.4	二级出水	〔16〕
m（磁黄铁矿）∶m（硫）∶m（石灰石）=6∶3∶1	1.7~5	3 h	18	98.44	0.5	100	配水	〔17〕
m（磁黄铁矿）∶m（硫）∶m（石灰石）=6∶3∶1	1.7~5	1.5 h	18	74.66	0.5	92	配水	〔17〕
磁黄铁矿	1.7~4	12 h	30.95±0.97	96.2±7.1	3.02±0.10	97.0±3.5	配水	〔18〕
黄铁矿	5~7	6 d	15.5±0.8	89.3±3.0	0.8±0.1	81.6±4.0	配水	〔19〕
硫	2	2.25/4 h	10/20	99.18	—	—	配水	〔20〕
m（硫）∶m（石灰石）∶m（活性炭）=5∶4∶1	10	1 h	50	58	—	—	配水	〔21〕
		2 h		79
		3 h		85
		4 h		86

微生物	电子供体	相对丰度/%	文献
Thiobacillus	S、S-Fe	50	〔21〕
Thiobacillus		20
Sulfurimonas		20
Hydrogenophilaceae	S	37.1	〔40〕
Thiobacillus	S、Fe⁰	44.7~63.9	〔41〕
Thiobacillus		0.91~12.4
Sulfurimonas		0.91~12.4
Sulfurimonas		0.89~11.0
Geothrix		0.89~11.0
S. denitrificans	S-Fe	50	〔42〕
T. denitrificans		50
T. denitrificans		22
T. denitrificans	S	25.4	〔5〕
Thiobacillus	FeS₂	25.4
Thiobacillus	FeS₂	10.42
Thiobacillus	FeS	58.5~86.23	〔18〕
Sulfurimonas		58.5~86.23
Sulfurimonas		12.3~0.52
Thiobacillus	S	44.74	〔43〕
Chlorobaculum		44.74
Chlorobaculum		31.16
Thiobacillus	S	17.44	〔44〕
Thiobacillus	S	3.79
Sulfurimonas	S	3.79
Sulfurimonas	FeS₂/FeS	22.68
Thiobacillus	FeS₂/FeS	22.68

微生物	电子供体	相对丰度/%	文献
Thiobacillus	S、S-Fe	50	〔21〕
Thiobacillus		20
Sulfurimonas		20
Hydrogenophilaceae	S	37.1	〔40〕
Thiobacillus	S、Fe⁰	44.7~63.9	〔41〕
Thiobacillus		0.91~12.4
Sulfurimonas		0.91~12.4
Sulfurimonas		0.89~11.0
Geothrix		0.89~11.0
S. denitrificans	S-Fe	50	〔42〕
T. denitrificans		50
T. denitrificans		22
T. denitrificans	S	25.4	〔5〕
Thiobacillus	FeS₂	25.4
Thiobacillus	FeS₂	10.42
Thiobacillus	FeS	58.5~86.23	〔18〕
Sulfurimonas		58.5~86.23
Sulfurimonas		12.3~0.52
Thiobacillus	S	44.74	〔43〕
Chlorobaculum		44.74
Chlorobaculum		31.16
Thiobacillus	S	17.44	〔44〕
Thiobacillus	S	3.79
Sulfurimonas	S	3.79
Sulfurimonas	FeS₂/FeS	22.68
Thiobacillus	FeS₂/FeS	22.68

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