Research progress on enhanced anaerobic digestion of excess sludge by ferrate pretreatment

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2022-0604

Abstract

Abstract:

Ferrate is a strong oxidant and is often used in sludge pretreatment. This paper introduced the basic properties of ferrate，such as oxidation and flocculation，expounded the effect and action mechanism of ferrate pretreatment on sludge hydrolysis，acid production and methane production，and summarized the combined technology of ferrate with alkali and ultrasonic technology. Ferrate can destroy extracellular polymers and cells，release organic matter in sludge，provide more substrate for subsequent anaerobic digestion，and improve short-chain fatty acid and methane production. The stability and dosage of ferrate are the key to limit its application. Improving the stability of ferrate and developing combined treatment technology will be the focus of future research.

Key words: ferrate, pretreatment, excess sludge, anaerobic digestion

摘要：

高铁酸盐是一种强氧化剂，常用于污泥预处理的研究。介绍了高铁酸盐的氧化、絮凝等基本性质，阐述了高铁酸盐预处理对污泥水解、产酸和产甲烷的性能影响和作用机理，总结了高铁酸盐与碱、超声等工艺的联用技术。高铁酸盐可破坏胞外聚合物和细胞，释放污泥内的有机物，为后续厌氧消化提供更多的基质，提高了短链脂肪酸和甲烷产量。高铁酸盐的稳定性和投加量是限制其应用的关键，提高高铁酸盐的稳定性和开发联合处理技术是未来的研究重点。

关键词: 高铁酸盐, 预处理, 剩余污泥, 厌氧消化

CLC Number:

X703

Wenhai WANG, Mei LI, Ning WANG, Hongbo WANG, Wei ZHANG, Guanhu XU. Research progress on enhanced anaerobic digestion of excess sludge by ferrate pretreatment[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2023, 43(9): 51-58.

王文海, 李梅, 王宁, 王洪波, 张伟, 徐冠虎. 高铁酸盐预处理剩余污泥强化厌氧消化研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2023, 43(9): 51-58.

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URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2022-0604

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2023/V43/I9/51

Figures/Tables 5

Table 1 Comparison of oxidation-reduction potential of various oxidants

氧化剂	反应式	$E 0 / V$
高铁酸盐	FeO₄ ^2-+8H⁺+3e^- $→$ Fe³⁺+4H₂O FeO₄ ^2-+4H₂O+3e^- $→$ Fe（OH）₃+5OH^-	2.20 0.72
臭氧	O₃+2H⁺+2e^- $→$ O₂+H₂O	2.076
过氧化氢	H₂O₂+2H⁺+2e^- $→$ 2H₂O	1.776
高锰酸盐	MnO₄ ^-+8H⁺+5e^- $→$ Mn²⁺+4H₂O	1.507
次氯酸盐	HClO+H⁺+2e^- $→$ Cl^-+H₂O	1.482
高氯酸盐	ClO₄ ^-+8H⁺+8e^- $→$ Cl^-+4H₂O	1.389
氯气	Cl₂+2e^- $→$ 2Cl^-	1.358

Table 1 Comparison of oxidation-reduction potential of various oxidants

氧化剂	反应式	$E 0 / V$
高铁酸盐	FeO₄ ^2-+8H⁺+3e^- $→$ Fe³⁺+4H₂O FeO₄ ^2-+4H₂O+3e^- $→$ Fe（OH）₃+5OH^-	2.20 0.72
臭氧	O₃+2H⁺+2e^- $→$ O₂+H₂O	2.076
过氧化氢	H₂O₂+2H⁺+2e^- $→$ 2H₂O	1.776
高锰酸盐	MnO₄ ^-+8H⁺+5e^- $→$ Mn²⁺+4H₂O	1.507
次氯酸盐	HClO+H⁺+2e^- $→$ Cl^-+H₂O	1.482
高氯酸盐	ClO₄ ^-+8H⁺+8e^- $→$ Cl^-+4H₂O	1.389
氯气	Cl₂+2e^- $→$ 2Cl^-	1.358

Table 2 Effect of ferrate pretreatment on sludge hydrolysis

投加量	处理条件	破解程度	参考文献
每g SS投加0.81 g K₂FeO₄	400 r/min搅拌3 min+慢速7 min	SCOD/TCOD为32%	〔19〕
每g TS投加0.5 g K₂FeO₄	500 r/min搅拌2 h	DD_SCOD为34.6%	〔24〕
每g TS投加0.197 g K₂FeO₄	600 r/min搅拌60 min	DD_SCOD为44%	〔25〕
每g TSS投加1.3 mg K₂FeO₄	—	SCOD/TCOD为35.6%	〔26〕
每g SS投加0.8 mg K₂FeO₄	预处理20 min	DD_SCOD为40.5%	〔27〕
每g TS投加0.1 g K₂FeO₄	TS质量浓度为5 000 mg/L	DD_SCOD为69%	〔28〕

Table 3 Effect of K₂FeO₄ pretreatment to enhance sludge fermentation acid production under different conditions

投加量	预处理条件	发酵条件	脂肪酸产量/转化率	参考文献
每g TSS投加0.66 mg K₂FeO₄	—	120 r/min，35 ℃，pH为7	VFAs产量为895 mg/L	〔26〕
每g TS投加0.2 g K₂FeO₄	500 r/min搅拌2 h	37 ℃	SCFAs产量为4 823 mg/L，以COD计	〔11〕
每g TSS投加0.212 g K₂FeO₄	300 r/min搅拌5 min+120 r/min搅拌40 min	pH为8.0±0.05	每g VSS转化为3 698.2 mg SCFAs，以COD计	〔14〕
每g TSS投加0.198 g K₂FeO₄	400 r/min搅拌30 min	（35±1） ℃，100 r/min	每g VSS转化为343 mg SCFAs，以COD计	〔32〕
每g TSS投加0.579 g K₂FeO₄	300 r/min搅拌5 min+120 r/min搅拌40 min	（35±1） ℃，135 r/min	SCFAs产量为2 835 mg/L，以COD计	〔33〕

Table 4 Effect of ferrate pretreatment to enhance sludge anaerobic digestion gas production

投加量	预处理条件	消化条件	产气量	参考文献
每g TSS投加0.05 g K₂FeO₄	400 r/min搅拌30 min	35 ℃，150 r/min	+23.9% CH₄	〔12〕
每g TS投加0.056 g K₂FeO₄	600 r/min搅拌60 min	（37±1） ℃，600 r/min	+42.53% CH₄	〔25〕
每g TSS投加0.1 g K₂FeO₄	—	35 ℃	+44%沼气	〔28〕
每g TS投加0.02 g K₂FeO₄	—	37 ℃，100 r/min	+26.6%沼气+28.4% CH₄	〔41〕
每g TS投加2.5 mg K₂FeO₄	—	37 ℃，100 r/min	+18%沼气	〔42〕

Table 5 Study of ferrate combined with other processes

方式	联用条件	SCOD变化/（mg·L^-1）		SCFAs变化/（mg·g^-1）		CH₄变化/（mL·g^-1）		参考文献
方式	联用条件	对照组	处理后	对照组	处理后	对照组	处理后	参考文献
K₂FeO₄+FA	每g VSS投加0.1 g K₂FeO₄+180 mg/L FA	575.2	2 005	46.0	342.5	—	—	〔35〕
K₂FeO₄+US	每g TSS投加0.05 g K₂FeO₄+（1 W/mL，25 kHz）	640	3 303	—	—	180.62	228.83	〔46〕
K₂FeO₄+碱	每g SS投加28 mg K₂FeO₄，以 Fe（Ⅵ）计+pH=10	—	—	74	382	—	—	〔21〕
K₂FeO₄+碱	每g VSS投加0.5 g K₂FeO₄+pH=10	170	3 010	135.1	322.6	—	—	〔47〕
K₂FeO₄+冷冻	每g TSS投加0.05 g K₂FeO₄+-12 ℃，4 h冷冻	—	—	—	—	170.1	223.8	〔48〕
K₂FeO₄+FNA	每g TSS投加0.25 g K₂FeO₄+每g TSS投加0.06 g FNA	—	—	—	—	61.22	147.07	〔45〕

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