Research progress on influencing factors of partial denitrification and its coupling process

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-0871

Abstract

Abstract:

Traditional nitrogen removal technology not only consumes a lot of energy，but also is difficult to meet the wastewater discharge standard. In recent years，biological nitrogen removal technology has developed rapidly. As a new type of nitrogen removal process，partial denitrification is favored because it can provide nitrite stably for the anaerobic ammonia oxidation（Anammox） process. Firstly，the principles and initiation strategies of partial denitrification were introduced，and the effects of different sludge sources and reactors on the start-up of the process were discussed. Secondly，the influencing factors such as endogenous and exogenous carbon sources，pH，salinity，and heavy metals were described. The advantage of endogenous carbon source and the effect of pH on key enzyme activity were revealed. Then，the sludge granulation of partial denitrification was summarized. At the same time，it was pointed out that the research direction of sludge granularization in the future was the stability performance of granular sludge. In addition，the research progress of partial denitrification coupled with Anammox process was briefly reviewed. Finally，based on the coupling process，research suggestions were put forward from five aspects，including inhibition mechanism，microorganism，actual operation，process promotion and resource utilization.

Key words: partial denitrification, Anammox, granulation sludge, nitrite accumulation, coupling process

摘要：

传统脱氮技术不仅消耗大量能量，而且有时难以达到污水排放标准。近年来生物脱氮技术发展迅速，短程反硝化作为一种新型脱氮工艺，因能为厌氧氨氧化工艺稳定生产NO₂ ^--N而备受青睐。首先介绍了短程反硝化的原理，论述了不同种类污泥源和反应器对工艺启动的影响。其次对内外源性碳源、pH、盐度和重金属等影响因素展开了叙述，揭示了内源性碳源的优势和pH对关键酶活性的影响；重点总结了短程反硝化污泥颗粒化的进程，指出未来污泥颗粒化的研究方向是颗粒污泥的稳定性表现；简述了短程反硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化工艺的研究进展。最后基于耦合工艺从抑制机理、微生物、实际运行、工艺推广和资源化利用五个方面提出了研究建议。

关键词: 短程反硝化, 厌氧氨氧化, 颗粒污泥, 亚硝酸盐积累, 耦合工艺

CLC Number:

X703.1

Yunxiang XU, Tianhao LI, Zhihan GUO, Zichuan HUANG, Wenru LIU, Yaoliang SHEN. Research progress on influencing factors of partial denitrification and its coupling process[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2022, 42(10): 53-64.

徐云翔, 李天皓, 郭之晗, 黄子川, 刘文如, 沈耀良. 短程反硝化的影响因素及其耦合工艺的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2022, 42(10): 53-64.

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URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2021-0871

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2022/V42/I10/53

Figures/Tables 5

Fig. 1 Principle of denitrification and partial denitrification

Fig. 2 Principle of endogenous partial denitrification

Table 1 Research progress of PD granular sludge

反应器	运行条件			颗粒污泥特征				NAR/%	参考文献
反应器	COD/NO₃ ^--N	碳源	进水水质	粒径/mm	颗粒化时间/d	单位VSS的EPS/（mg·g^-1）	PN/PS	NAR/%	参考文献
SBR（6 L）	2.8~3.0	乙酸钠	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=60 mg/L	0.09~0.7	20	S-EPS=14.9	3.73	88.3	〔73〕
						L-EPS=69.1	8.04
						T-EPS=128	9.21
SBR（6 L）	2.8~3.0	乙酸钠	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=120 mg/L	0.09~0.54	59	S-EPS=5.28~14.32	1.82~4.31	90.2~92.5	〔74〕
						L-EPS=13.8~27.47	4.19~7.44
						T-EPS=40.77~61.4	6.83~8.85
SBR₁（6 L）	3.0~3.5	乙酸钠	NLR=0.12 kg/（m³·d）	0.09~0.35	58	L-EPS=39.8	4.4	89.6	〔75〕
SBR₁（6 L）			NLR=0.12 kg/（m³·d）	0.09~0.35		T-EPS=77.8	5.6	89.6
SBR₂（6 L）			NLR=0.24 kg/（m³·d）	0.09~0.56		L-EPS=46.9	7.8	90.8
SBR₂（6 L）			NLR=0.24 kg/（m³·d）	0.09~0.56		T-EPS=97.4	8.4	90.8
SBR（5 L）	3.0~3.5	乙酸钠	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=30、100、400 mg/L	1.5~2.0	74	—	—	83.3	〔23〕
UASB（1.6 L）	3.0~3.5	乙酸钠	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=30、100、400 mg/L	2.0~3.0	74	—	—	51~71	〔23〕
SBR（10 L）	≈3.1	乙酸钠	ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=60 mg/L	0.33~0.43	105	273.6~308.1	—	88.7	〔76〕
SBR（10 L）	2.1~3.2	乙酸钠	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=60 mg/L；盐度=0~3%	0.145~0.6	36	184.59~560	—	90	〔77〕
UASB（9 L）	3、6、10（3 d一循环）	乙酸钠	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=100 mg/L	2.0	30	（80.2±10.2）~（777±22.13）	0.32~0.62	56.39	〔78〕
SBR（2.25 L）	4.5	甘油	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=40 mg/L	0.203~0.468	160	发育期：24.7~44	1.7~4.2	87.3	〔79〕
SBR（2.25 L）	4.5	甘油	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=40 mg/L	0.203~0.468	160	成熟期：12~44	4.2~2.9	87.3	〔79〕

Fig. 3 Principle of separated PD/A process

Table 2 Research on separated and combined PD/A process

工艺	反应器	运行条件				性能表现						参考文献
工艺	反应器	碳源	C/N	进水水质	温度/℃	出水TN/（mg·L^-1）	NH₄ ⁺-N去除率/%	NO₃ ^--N去除率/%	Anammox脱氮贡献率/%	TN去除率/%	NAR/%	参考文献
分离式PD/A	SBR+UASB	乙酸钠+生活污水	3.1~3.5	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=50 mg/L；ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=60.6~166 mg/L	13~15	7~13.5	99.5	96.7	>70	—	48~58	〔83〕
	SBR+UASB	乙酸钠+生活污水	2.6~3.0	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=20~40 mg/L；ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=58 mg/L	18.7~27.8	4	95~96	96.4~98	78.2	94.7~96	85.6	〔84〕
	生物滤池+生物滤池	乙酸钠	3.0	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=（17.4±3.6）~（27.2±2.1） mg/L； ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=（13.4±2.1）~（43.5±2.4） mg/L	18.4~23.2	10.2	92	75±8.6	74.6	68.3	75.4	〔85〕
组合式PD/A	UASB	乙酸钠	3.0	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=20 mg/L；ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=20 mg/L	—	8.74	74.88	86.88	90	68.4~70.38	—	〔87〕
	UASB	乙酸钠	3.0~3.4	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=30 mg/L；ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=30 mg/L	11.2~28.8	4.1~15.6	78~95.4	72~92	（86.5±5.3）~（92.3±2.8）	75.1~93.2	87.8~97.1	〔88〕
	SBR	乙酸钠	3.0	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=125 mg/L；ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=92 mg/L	13 $~$ 25	—	—	>90	77.1	—	80.7~86.8	〔89〕
	SBR	生活污水	3.16	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=45 mg/L；ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=30 mg/L	29.7±1.6	1.87	—	—	76	95	87	〔91〕
	UASB	—	—	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=100 mg/L；ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=80 mg/L；ρ（S^2-）=20~80 mg/L	30±1.0	—	79.9±3.7	84.2±2.9	87.2	80	—	〔92〕
	A/A/O	生活污水	3.1±0.5	ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）≈40 mg/L	—	9.8±1.6	93.2±2.9	—	44.8±6.2	56.8~74.4	—	〔94〕
	生物滤池	乙酸钠+生活污水	3.2	ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=40 mg/L	27~32	7.3~9.0	97.4	—	97	81	89.61	〔95〕
	连续流反应器	乙酸钠+生活污水	2.6~4.6	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）<1.05 mg/L；ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=29~70 mg/L	15 $~$ 28	11±2	96.6±2.4	—	32~47	77.8±4.3	—	〔96〕

Table 2 Research on separated and combined PD/A process

工艺	反应器	运行条件				性能表现						参考文献
工艺	反应器	碳源	C/N	进水水质	温度/℃	出水TN/（mg·L^-1）	NH₄ ⁺-N去除率/%	NO₃ ^--N去除率/%	Anammox脱氮贡献率/%	TN去除率/%	NAR/%	参考文献
分离式PD/A	SBR+UASB	乙酸钠+生活污水	3.1~3.5	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=50 mg/L；ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=60.6~166 mg/L	13~15	7~13.5	99.5	96.7	>70	—	48~58	〔83〕
	SBR+UASB	乙酸钠+生活污水	2.6~3.0	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=20~40 mg/L；ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=58 mg/L	18.7~27.8	4	95~96	96.4~98	78.2	94.7~96	85.6	〔84〕
	生物滤池+生物滤池	乙酸钠	3.0	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=（17.4±3.6）~（27.2±2.1） mg/L； ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=（13.4±2.1）~（43.5±2.4） mg/L	18.4~23.2	10.2	92	75±8.6	74.6	68.3	75.4	〔85〕
组合式PD/A	UASB	乙酸钠	3.0	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=20 mg/L；ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=20 mg/L	—	8.74	74.88	86.88	90	68.4~70.38	—	〔87〕
	UASB	乙酸钠	3.0~3.4	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=30 mg/L；ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=30 mg/L	11.2~28.8	4.1~15.6	78~95.4	72~92	（86.5±5.3）~（92.3±2.8）	75.1~93.2	87.8~97.1	〔88〕
	SBR	乙酸钠	3.0	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=125 mg/L；ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=92 mg/L	13 $~$ 25	—	—	>90	77.1	—	80.7~86.8	〔89〕
	SBR	生活污水	3.16	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=45 mg/L；ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=30 mg/L	29.7±1.6	1.87	—	—	76	95	87	〔91〕
	UASB	—	—	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）=100 mg/L；ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=80 mg/L；ρ（S^2-）=20~80 mg/L	30±1.0	—	79.9±3.7	84.2±2.9	87.2	80	—	〔92〕
	A/A/O	生活污水	3.1±0.5	ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）≈40 mg/L	—	9.8±1.6	93.2±2.9	—	44.8±6.2	56.8~74.4	—	〔94〕
	生物滤池	乙酸钠+生活污水	3.2	ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=40 mg/L	27~32	7.3~9.0	97.4	—	97	81	89.61	〔95〕
	连续流反应器	乙酸钠+生活污水	2.6~4.6	ρ（NO₃ ^--N）<1.05 mg/L；ρ（NH₄ ⁺-N）=29~70 mg/L	15 $~$ 28	11±2	96.6±2.4	—	32~47	77.8±4.3	—	〔96〕

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