Changes of typical pollutants and water quality safety in a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-0487

Abstract

Abstract:

Pollution control and water quality safety of petrochemical wastewater are important topics of pollution prevention in the field of water environment. However, the compositional changes of typical pollutants and water quality safety in petrochemical wastewater treatment process have not been deeply explored. The concentration changes and toxicity reduction effects of typical pollutants in the wastewater treatment process of a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant were studied. The results indicated that the removal rates of COD and petroleum in the pretreatment process were 36.38% and 95.16%, respectively. Meanwhile, the biotoxicity of effluent was effectively reduced. The removal rates of COD and ammonia in the biochemical treatment process reached 63.19% and 43.21%, respectively. The relative contents of organics such as phenols, esters, and amines in effluent were significantly reduced. After the advanced treatment, COD, BOD₅, petroleum substances, ammonia and total nitrogen were (32.54±4.93) mg/L, (2.19±1.09) mg/L, (0.04±0.01) mg/L, (2.32±0.31) mg/L and (27.08±1.45) mg/L, respectively. Phenols and nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds were significantly reduced. The toxic unit(TU) value of final effluent was 0.32, which performed no acute biotoxicity. The wastewater treatment process adopted by the petrochemical wastewater treatment plant could effectively remove various characteristic pollutants in the wastewater, and the effluent had no significant acute biological toxicity, with little impact on the ecological safety of the water environment.

Key words: petrochemical wastewater, full-scale treatment process, typical pollutant, acute biotoxicity, water quality safety

摘要：

石化废水污染控制与水质安全是水环境领域污染防治的重要课题，但是目前关于石化废水处理工艺中特征污染物的组成变化及水质安全性尚未深入探讨。研究了某石化废水处理厂在废水处理过程中废水特征污染物的浓度变化和毒性削减效应。结果表明，预处理阶段COD和石油类去除率分别为36.38%和95.16%，出水生物毒性有效降低。生化处理单元COD和氨氮去除率分别达到63.19%和43.21%，废水中酚类、酯类、胺类等有机物含量显著降低。石化废水经过深度处理后，COD、BOD₅、石油类、氨氮、总氮分别为（32.54±4.93）、（2.19±1.09）、（0.04±0.01）、（2.32±0.31）、（27.08±1.45） mg/L。由于酚类和含氮杂环有机物得到有效去除，最终出水毒性单位（TU）值为0.32，无急性生物毒性。该石化废水处理厂所采用的废水处理工艺能够有效去除废水中多种特征污染物，出水无显著急性生物毒性，对水环境生态安全影响较小。

关键词: 石化废水, 全流程处理工艺, 特征污染物, 急性生物毒性, 水质安全

CLC Number:

X703.1

Haipeng LI, Weiwei MA. Changes of typical pollutants and water quality safety in a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(6): 88-93.

李海鹏, 麻微微. 石化废水处理厂特征污染物变化及水质安全研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(6): 88-93.

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URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-0487

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2024/V44/I6/88

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References 18

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TU	毒性类别	毒性级别
TU≤0.4	Ⅰ	无毒
0.4≤TU<1	Ⅱ	微毒
1≤TU<10	Ⅲ	中毒
10≤TU<100	Ⅳ	高毒
TU≥100	Ⅴ	剧毒

TU	毒性类别	毒性级别
TU≤0.4	Ⅰ	无毒
0.4≤TU<1	Ⅱ	微毒
1≤TU<10	Ⅲ	中毒
10≤TU<100	Ⅳ	高毒
TU≥100	Ⅴ	剧毒

水样	EC₅₀（24 h）/%	R ²	TU	毒性级别
R	9.32	0.998 6	10.73	Ⅳ类	高毒性
E1	13.53	0.999 1	7.39	Ⅲ类	中毒性
E2	16.67	0.993 1	5.99	Ⅲ类	中毒性
E3	31.92	0.989 4	3.13	Ⅲ类	中毒性
E4	>100	0.991 3	0.87	Ⅱ类	微毒性
E5	>100	0.996 5	0.52	Ⅱ类	微毒性

水样	EC₅₀（24 h）/%	R ²	TU	毒性级别
R	9.32	0.998 6	10.73	Ⅳ类	高毒性
E1	13.53	0.999 1	7.39	Ⅲ类	中毒性
E2	16.67	0.993 1	5.99	Ⅲ类	中毒性
E3	31.92	0.989 4	3.13	Ⅲ类	中毒性
E4	>100	0.991 3	0.87	Ⅱ类	微毒性
E5	>100	0.996 5	0.52	Ⅱ类	微毒性

	TU
COD	0.543
氨氮	0.312
酚类	0.873**
含氮杂环类	0.865**
胺类	0.321
烷烃类	0.263
酯类	0.214

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