基于厌氧氨氧化技术处理市政污水的研究进展

doi:10.11894/iwt.2019-0149

工业水处理 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 1-7. doi: 10.11894/iwt.2019-0149

• 专论与综述 • 下一篇

基于厌氧氨氧化技术处理市政污水的研究进展

张星星¹(),王昕竹¹,印雯¹,陈亚¹,徐乐中^1,²,盛铭军³,郭永福^1,²,吴鹏^1,^2,*()

1. 苏州科技大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏苏州 215009
2. 城市生活污水资源化利用技术国家地方联合工程实验室, 江苏苏州 215009
3. 苏州市供排水管理处, 江苏苏州 215004

收稿日期:2019-11-06 出版日期:2020-01-20 发布日期:2020-01-16
通讯作者: 吴鹏 E-mail:15862330853@163.com;wupengniu@126.com
作者简介:张星星(1995-),硕士研究生。E-mail:15862330853@163.com
基金资助:
江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20160356);江苏省高校自然科学基金项目(16KJB610013);江苏省"六大人才高峰"(2016-JNHB-067);苏州市科技局民生科技项目(SS201667);苏州市科技局民生科技项目(SS201802)

Research progress on the treatment of municipal sewage by Anammox technology

Xingxing Zhang¹(),Xinzhu Wang¹,Wen Yin¹,Ya Chen¹,Lezhong Xu^1,²,Mingjun Sheng³,Yongfu Guo^1,²,Peng Wu^1,^2,*()

1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
2. National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
3. Suzhou Water Supply and Drainage Administration Office, Suzhou 215004, China

Received:2019-11-06 Online:2020-01-20 Published:2020-01-16
Contact: Peng Wu E-mail:15862330853@163.com;wupengniu@126.com
Supported by:
江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20160356);江苏省高校自然科学基金项目(16KJB610013);江苏省"六大人才高峰"(2016-JNHB-067);苏州市科技局民生科技项目(SS201667);苏州市科技局民生科技项目(SS201802)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

市政污水具有氨氮浓度低、有机碳源含量低、微生物数量大等特点，而传统的生物脱氮工艺很难在低碳源情况下高效脱氮。厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）工艺具有无需外加有机碳源、氨氮降解途径短、节省基建费用、氨氮去除率高等优点，成为新一轮市政污水处理工艺革新的焦点。对国内外利用Anammox处理市政污水最新研究进展进行了系统总结，以期为Anammox实际工程应用提供参考。

关键词: 市政污水, 厌氧氨氧化, 生物脱氮

Abstract:

Municipal sewage has the characteristics of low concentration of ammonia nitrogen, low content of organic carbon source, large number of microorganisms. However, the traditional biological nitrogen removal process is difficult to denitrify efficiently under low carbon source. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation(Anammox) process has the advantages of no need to add organic carbon source, short ammonia nitrogen degradation path, saving capital cost and high ammonia nitrogen removal rate, which has become the focus of a novel municipal sewage treatment process. The latest research progress on Anammox treatment of municipal sewage was systematically summarized. This paper can provide references for the practical engineering application of Anammox.

Key words: municipal sewage, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, biological nitrogen removal

中图分类号:

X703

张星星,王昕竹,印雯,陈亚,徐乐中,盛铭军,郭永福,吴鹏. 基于厌氧氨氧化技术处理市政污水的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2020, 40(1): 1-7.

Xingxing Zhang,Xinzhu Wang,Wen Yin,Ya Chen,Lezhong Xu,Mingjun Sheng,Yongfu Guo,Peng Wu. Research progress on the treatment of municipal sewage by Anammox technology[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2020, 40(1): 1-7.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2020/V40/I1/1

图/表 2

参考文献 57

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污泥源	优势	缺陷
好氧活性污泥	启动阶段污泥沉降性能好，启动成功后可长时间稳定运行，脱氮效果好	Anammox菌数量少、好氧微生物种类丰富导致反应器启动时间较长，延迟反应器进入稳定运行阶段
厌氧颗粒污泥	颗粒内部严格厌氧，为Anammox菌提供有利微域环境，便于形成Anammox颗粒污泥，增大反应器抗冲击负荷和微生物持留能力，缩短启动时间，运行稳定	颗粒污泥的性质取决于驯化污水，在一定程度上限制了选取厌氧颗粒污泥作为接种源；颗粒污泥粒径、密度、有机物含量和沉降性影响Anammox的启动和运行
厌氧消化污泥	含丰富与Anammox菌共生微生物，同时Anammox菌基因数偏高，反应器启动时间较短，容易富集培养Anammox菌	氨氮去除效果不理想，Anammox反应难以长时间稳定运行
反硝化污泥	反硝化菌与Anammox菌代谢类型高度相似，充分的反硝化污泥容易在反应器内发生Anammox反应，加速Anammox启动进程	Anammox启动时间较长，氨氮去除率偏低，过量的反硝化可能造成NO2--N不足，亚硝杆菌过量增殖
Anammox污泥混合污泥	Anammox启动时间短，快速进入稳定运行期，氨氮去除效果极佳	Anammox反应的污泥源不足，一旦污泥流失会直接导致系统崩溃
厌氧消化污泥混合污泥（不含成熟Anammox污泥）	Anammox启动时间相对较短，氨氮、亚硝态氮去除效果较好	Anammox反应易受其他混合污泥影响，导致反应失稳

污泥源	优势	缺陷
好氧活性污泥	启动阶段污泥沉降性能好，启动成功后可长时间稳定运行，脱氮效果好	Anammox菌数量少、好氧微生物种类丰富导致反应器启动时间较长，延迟反应器进入稳定运行阶段
厌氧颗粒污泥	颗粒内部严格厌氧，为Anammox菌提供有利微域环境，便于形成Anammox颗粒污泥，增大反应器抗冲击负荷和微生物持留能力，缩短启动时间，运行稳定	颗粒污泥的性质取决于驯化污水，在一定程度上限制了选取厌氧颗粒污泥作为接种源；颗粒污泥粒径、密度、有机物含量和沉降性影响Anammox的启动和运行
厌氧消化污泥	含丰富与Anammox菌共生微生物，同时Anammox菌基因数偏高，反应器启动时间较短，容易富集培养Anammox菌	氨氮去除效果不理想，Anammox反应难以长时间稳定运行
反硝化污泥	反硝化菌与Anammox菌代谢类型高度相似，充分的反硝化污泥容易在反应器内发生Anammox反应，加速Anammox启动进程	Anammox启动时间较长，氨氮去除率偏低，过量的反硝化可能造成NO2--N不足，亚硝杆菌过量增殖
Anammox污泥混合污泥	Anammox启动时间短，快速进入稳定运行期，氨氮去除效果极佳	Anammox反应的污泥源不足，一旦污泥流失会直接导致系统崩溃
厌氧消化污泥混合污泥（不含成熟Anammox污泥）	Anammox启动时间相对较短，氨氮、亚硝态氮去除效果较好	Anammox反应易受其他混合污泥影响，导致反应失稳

反应器	水源	污泥源	启动时间/d	COD/ （mg·L^-1）	HRT/h	温度/℃	pH	NH₄⁺-N/ （mg·L^-1）	NO₂^--N/ （mg·L^-1）	氮负荷/ （g·m^-3·d^-1）	TN去除率/%
UASB^〔25〕	高氨氮废水	成熟Anammox颗粒污泥	26	—	4.5~6	13.84~29.68	7.0	20~40	20~40	280~3 220	97.61
SBR^〔39〕	高氨氮废水	污水厂SBR反应器内污泥	55	300~900	34.5~69.0	30±1	7.0	100~300	—	30~210	88
MBR^〔29〕	人工配水	絮状硝化污泥	90	—	24	33±2	7.0	50	50	50	98
EGSB^〔40〕	人工配水	成熟Anammox颗粒污泥	113	—	3.72	32±1	7.9	200	200	2 580	95.4
ABR^〔37〕	市政污水	成熟Anammox颗粒污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥（1:1）	81	200~600	7~21	28~30	7~8	50	50	360	84

反应器	水源	污泥源	启动时间/d	COD/ （mg·L^-1）	HRT/h	温度/℃	pH	NH₄⁺-N/ （mg·L^-1）	NO₂^--N/ （mg·L^-1）	氮负荷/ （g·m^-3·d^-1）	TN去除率/%
UASB^〔25〕	高氨氮废水	成熟Anammox颗粒污泥	26	—	4.5~6	13.84~29.68	7.0	20~40	20~40	280~3 220	97.61
SBR^〔39〕	高氨氮废水	污水厂SBR反应器内污泥	55	300~900	34.5~69.0	30±1	7.0	100~300	—	30~210	88
MBR^〔29〕	人工配水	絮状硝化污泥	90	—	24	33±2	7.0	50	50	50	98
EGSB^〔40〕	人工配水	成熟Anammox颗粒污泥	113	—	3.72	32±1	7.9	200	200	2 580	95.4
ABR^〔37〕	市政污水	成熟Anammox颗粒污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥（1:1）	81	200~600	7~21	28~30	7~8	50	50	360	84

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