过硫酸盐活化方法的研究进展

doi:10.11894/iwt.2019-0743

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着环境污染日益严重，各种形式的高级氧化技术逐渐发展起来。其中活化过硫酸盐高级氧化技术由于原料易得，效果显著等优点颇受人们关注。过硫酸盐活化主要产生硫酸根自由基和羟基自由基两种高活性自由基，能够有效去除难降解有机污染物。阐述了过硫酸盐活化体系中两种主要活性自由基的特点及其与有机物的反应机理；综述了活化过硫酸盐的不同方式，做了各种活化方法的技术经济优劣性分析，并对存在问题进行了分析和展望。

关键词: 高级氧化, 过硫酸盐, 硫酸根自由基, 羟基自由基, 活化方式

Abstract:

With the increasing environmental pollution, various forms of advanced oxidation technology have gradually developed. The activated persulfate advanced oxidation technology has attracted much attention because of its easy availability of raw materials and remarkable effects. Persulfate activation mainly produces two high-activity free radicals, sulfate radical and hydroxyl radical, which can effectively remove refractory organic pollutants. The paper describes the characteristics of two main active free radicals in the persulfate activation system and its reaction mechanism with organic matter. The different ways of activating persulfate are reviewed, and the technical and economic advantages and disadvantages of various activation methods are analyzed. Furthermore, the existing problems are analyzed and forecasted.

Key words: advanced oxidation, persulfate, sulfate radical, hydroxyl radical, activation mode

中图分类号:

X703

米记茹,田立平,刘丽丽,亓华,王永磊,秦尧,刘宇雷. 过硫酸盐活化方法的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2020, 40(7): 12-17.

Jiru Mi,Liping Tian,Lili Liu,Hua Qi,Yonglei Wang,Yao Qin,Yulei Liu. Research progress on persulfate activation method[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2020, 40(7): 12-17.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2020/V40/I7/12

图/表 1

参考文献 45

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方法	技术优势	不足之处	补充
热活化	简单高效, 不需额外的化学物质, 最大限度减少PS消耗	能源消耗高	实验阶段常间作探索自由基与污染物之间反应机制的方法
光活化	技术经济安全且不会引发二次污染; UV/PS比UV/H2O2的氧化能力强	持久性差; 因工程实施困难不适用于直接处理有机污染土壤和地下水	可用于处理饮用水与微污染水, 尤其适用于已安装UV消毒系统的水处理厂
过渡金属活化	与热活化相比, 常温下可实现显著降解; Fe作为活化剂经济方便	引入了金属离子二次污染, 加大了后续处理成本	均相反应系统容易造成PS浪费, 非均相反应系统可相应克服该缺点
活性炭活化	与单独使用活性炭相比, 提高矿化率和去除率, 也能降低炭使用率	活性炭重复利用几次后效能下降; 成本相对增加	污染物降解去除通过吸附作用和自由基氧化作用协同完成
电化学活化	矿化率高, 能够减少PS和/或电力使用; 适应的pH范围广, 可大规模使用	目前研究多拘泥于去除效果, 对于中间产物毒性检测并不够深入; 电极易损坏; 阳极泥中毒性物质很多	可研发多电极联用技术提高效率, 减少中间产物形成; 与铁共同使用时, 通过电流可控制铁释放来减少总铁用量和铁泥生成量
微波活化	与普通加热相比, 微波活化可降活化能尧加快反应速率尧缩短反应时间与增强选择性	微波对人体健康有一定影响; 微波合成仪器不够普及, 且造价高, 实际应用可能受限制	此法还可用于烟气净化领域
超声活化	持久性好尧环境友好	单独超声效果提升不明显, 一般与其他方式联用	与热活化产生的诱导机制类似
碱活化	缓解过硫酸盐处理后反应体系酸化的问题	引起环境pH变化; 需使耐酸碱设备; 注意环境本底有机质与酸碱性恢复	应注意防止碱性环境下金属离子析出诱发二次污染; 多与热活化联合使用
联合活化	效率比单一活化方式高, PS等药剂消耗减少	建设、运行成本增加	影响因素增多，最优条件比较难控制

方法	技术优势	不足之处	补充
热活化	简单高效, 不需额外的化学物质, 最大限度减少PS消耗	能源消耗高	实验阶段常间作探索自由基与污染物之间反应机制的方法
光活化	技术经济安全且不会引发二次污染; UV/PS比UV/H2O2的氧化能力强	持久性差; 因工程实施困难不适用于直接处理有机污染土壤和地下水	可用于处理饮用水与微污染水, 尤其适用于已安装UV消毒系统的水处理厂
过渡金属活化	与热活化相比, 常温下可实现显著降解; Fe作为活化剂经济方便	引入了金属离子二次污染, 加大了后续处理成本	均相反应系统容易造成PS浪费, 非均相反应系统可相应克服该缺点
活性炭活化	与单独使用活性炭相比, 提高矿化率和去除率, 也能降低炭使用率	活性炭重复利用几次后效能下降; 成本相对增加	污染物降解去除通过吸附作用和自由基氧化作用协同完成
电化学活化	矿化率高, 能够减少PS和/或电力使用; 适应的pH范围广, 可大规模使用	目前研究多拘泥于去除效果, 对于中间产物毒性检测并不够深入; 电极易损坏; 阳极泥中毒性物质很多	可研发多电极联用技术提高效率, 减少中间产物形成; 与铁共同使用时, 通过电流可控制铁释放来减少总铁用量和铁泥生成量
微波活化	与普通加热相比, 微波活化可降活化能尧加快反应速率尧缩短反应时间与增强选择性	微波对人体健康有一定影响; 微波合成仪器不够普及, 且造价高, 实际应用可能受限制	此法还可用于烟气净化领域
超声活化	持久性好尧环境友好	单独超声效果提升不明显, 一般与其他方式联用	与热活化产生的诱导机制类似
碱活化	缓解过硫酸盐处理后反应体系酸化的问题	引起环境pH变化; 需使耐酸碱设备; 注意环境本底有机质与酸碱性恢复	应注意防止碱性环境下金属离子析出诱发二次污染; 多与热活化联合使用
联合活化	效率比单一活化方式高, PS等药剂消耗减少	建设、运行成本增加	影响因素增多，最优条件比较难控制

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