城市污水处理系统中DOM检测及环境行为研究

doi:10.11894/iwt.2019-1077

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以城市污水处理系统中DOM为分析对象，综述了DOM的分析检测技术方法，包括树脂/超滤膜分离技术、紫外-可见吸收光谱、三维荧光光谱（3D-EEM）等，并就含碳气态化合物（CO₂和CH₄）的资源化利用和液相中DOM，尤以溶解性微生物代谢产物（SMPs）的环境行为研究进展进行了总结，以期为准确评估和客观分析城市污水处理系统中DOM的环境行为提供参考。

关键词: 城市污水, 含碳气态化合物, 溶解性有机物（DOM）, 溶解性微生物代谢产物（SMPs）, 分析检测

Abstract:

Taking DOM in municipal wastewater treatment system as analyzing object, its detection methods including resin/ultrafiltration membrane separation technology, UV-Vis absorption spectrum and 3d-EEM, etc., were reviewed. The resource utilization of carbon containing gaseous compounds(CO₂ and CH₄) and the environmental behavior of DOM in liquid phase, especially dissolved microbial metabolites(SMPs) were summarized. It is hoped that to provide reference for accurate assessment and analysis of environmental behavior of DOM in municipal wastewater treatment system.

Key words: municipal wastewater, carbon containing gaseous compounds, dissolved organic matter(DOM), dissolved microbial metabolites(SMPs), analysis and detection

中图分类号:

X703

王化杰,桂和荣,刘桂建. 城市污水处理系统中DOM检测及环境行为研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2020, 40(11): 21-27.

Huajie Wang,Herong Gui,Guijian Liu. Detection and environmental behavior of dissolved organic compounds in municipal wastewater treatment system[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2020, 40(11): 21-27.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2020/V40/I11/21

图/表 5

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极性		缩写	类别
疏水性	酸性	HPOa	C₅~C₉脂肪酸、1~2环的芳香化合物、1~2环苯酚、棕黄酸、直链十二烷基苯磺酸钠及其降解产物
	碱性	HPOb	1~2环芳香族胺（除嘧啶）、似蛋白物质、阳离子表面活性剂
	中性	HPOn	烃类、>C₅脂肪醇、氨基化合物、酯、酮、醛、>C₉脂肪胺化合物、>C₃环芳香族碳水化合物、叶绿素
亲水性	酸性	HPIa	< C₅脂肪酸、多官能团的碳水化合物等
	碱性	HPIb	< C₉脂肪胺、嘧啶、氨基酸
	中性	HPIn	< C₅脂肪胺、乙醇、醛、酯、酮、糖类、环酰胺等

极性		缩写	类别
疏水性	酸性	HPOa	C₅~C₉脂肪酸、1~2环的芳香化合物、1~2环苯酚、棕黄酸、直链十二烷基苯磺酸钠及其降解产物
	碱性	HPOb	1~2环芳香族胺（除嘧啶）、似蛋白物质、阳离子表面活性剂
	中性	HPOn	烃类、>C₅脂肪醇、氨基化合物、酯、酮、醛、>C₉脂肪胺化合物、>C₃环芳香族碳水化合物、叶绿素
亲水性	酸性	HPIa	< C₅脂肪酸、多官能团的碳水化合物等
	碱性	HPIb	< C₉脂肪胺、嘧啶、氨基酸
	中性	HPIn	< C₅脂肪胺、乙醇、醛、酯、酮、糖类、环酰胺等

波长λ/nm	化学键	官能团	代表性化合物
1 000~1 050	SO	磺酸类	LAS、LAS代谢产物和磺化木质素
1 000~1 150	CO	醇和醚类	碳水化合物
1 150~1 250	COOH	羧酸类和酯类	脂肪族和芳香酸、富里酸、腐殖酸和氨基酸
1 440	CCH3	甲基酯类	甲基化的酸类
1 550	CONHR	仲酰胺	多肽类
1 670	CONHR	伯酰胺和仲酰胺	多肽类、N-乙酰氨基糖
1 680~1 800	COOH，COOR和RCOH	羧酸类、酯类和酮类	脂肪族、芳香酸、富里酸、腐殖酸和氨基酸
2 800~3 000	CH	烃类	石油产品和脂质类
2 500~3 600	OH和NH	醇类、酚类、羧酸类和酰胺	碳水化合物、腐殖质、富里酸和蛋白质

波长λ/nm	化学键	官能团	代表性化合物
1 000~1 050	SO	磺酸类	LAS、LAS代谢产物和磺化木质素
1 000~1 150	CO	醇和醚类	碳水化合物
1 150~1 250	COOH	羧酸类和酯类	脂肪族和芳香酸、富里酸、腐殖酸和氨基酸
1 440	CCH3	甲基酯类	甲基化的酸类
1 550	CONHR	仲酰胺	多肽类
1 670	CONHR	伯酰胺和仲酰胺	多肽类、N-乙酰氨基糖
1 680~1 800	COOH，COOR和RCOH	羧酸类、酯类和酮类	脂肪族、芳香酸、富里酸、腐殖酸和氨基酸
2 800~3 000	CH	烃类	石油产品和脂质类
2 500~3 600	OH和NH	醇类、酚类、羧酸类和酰胺	碳水化合物、腐殖质、富里酸和蛋白质

环境样品	表征方法	名称	公式	检测波长λ/nm	指示对象	优缺点
饮用水^〔8〕	紫外-可见吸收光谱	特征紫外吸光度		254	消毒副产物（DBPs）	能有效指示DBPs生成，体现DOM的芳香性；UV₂₅₄和DOC二者测量不同步带来的偏差影响最终结果
湿地、海洋、饮用水^〔9-11〕		对数转换吸收光谱斜率		（1）275~295或350~385 （2）275~295或350~385 （3）280~350	（1）DOM被氧化程度（2）DOM表观分子质量（3）THMs、氯乙酸（HAAs）	操作简单、成本小，从不同层面对DOM表征；波长范围标准尚未统一
饮用水源地、河水、地下水^〔12-14〕		吸光度值比率		（1）280/350、203/253 （2）250/365 （3）465/665 （4）465/254/465/280	（1）芳香性/反应性（2）DOM分子质量分布（3）O:C原子比、C:N原子比、—OH和总酸度（4）腐殖质/芳香性	腐殖质和芳香性替代指标；无标准化定论
河水^〔15-16〕		紫外吸光度差值		270	（1）THMs、HAAs （2）DBPs	可做为瞬时监测参数，提高数据准确性；应用案例较少
海水、河水、湖泊、沉积物和厌氧反应器^{〔17-18, 27-35〕}	三维荧光光谱		—	λex 220~400 λem 280~510	腐殖酸、富里酸和类蛋白等	快速、简洁、无损和灵敏度高，可获得较全面光谱信息；无法对DOM化学结构和各组分准确定量，且易受温度、pH和DO影响
渗滤液^〔19-20〕	傅里叶红外光谱		—	1 000~3 600	醇、醚类、磺酸类、羧酸类、酯类和酮类等	可用于全部有机物分析，不受待测物状态限制，波长穿透性好，每个基团的振动都有良好的吸收谱带位置，量化计算结果吻合度高；谱峰重叠严重，难以分析复杂样品、水峰太大，易掩盖低浓度有机物、波长导致空间分辨率低和难以精准定量
市政废水、沉积物^〔21-26〕	二维相关光谱		—	—	C=O、C—O、C=C类蛋白组分、类富里酸和类腐殖质、醌自由基等	对低浓度有机物和复杂样品易出峰响应灵敏，不易受环境理化条件变化（剂量、温度、pH等）影响，多光谱技术耦合，有效提升对有机物官能团识别的分辨率，且能判定基团结构变化的方向和顺序；存在假交叉峰

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