人工湿地处理高盐废水研究进展

doi:10.11894/iwt.2020-0414

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在工业生产和海水利用中，会产生大量高盐废水。简要介绍了人工湿地处理高盐废水的机理以及影响人工湿地处理高盐废水的因素（湿地构造、进水条件、环境因素），总结了目前人工湿地技术在强化高盐废水处理领域的研究现状，并对该领域的研究进行了展望，为利用人工湿地处理高盐废水的相关研究提供参考。

关键词: 人工湿地, 高盐废水, 植物, 微生物, 组合工艺

Abstract:

A large number of highly saline wastewater was produced in industrial production and seawater utilization. Based on a brief introduction of the mechanism of the treatment of high salinity wastewater by constructed wetlands (CWs) and the factors affecting the treatment efficiencies of high salinity wastewater by constructed wetlands(wetland structure, influent conditions, and environmental factors), the current research status of the technology of constructed wetlands in the field of high salinity wastewater treatment were summarized. Finally, the currently existing problems and future researches in the treatment of high salinity wastewater by CWs were prospected. It is hoped to provide a reference for the related research on using CWs to treat high salinity wastewater.

Key words: constructed wetland, high salinity wastewater, plant, microbial, combined system

中图分类号:

X382

黄铭意,许丹,李寻,李朝明,李泽兵,邵辉良,马天仪,崔文鑫. 人工湿地处理高盐废水研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2021, 41(3): 10-16.

Mingyi Huang,Dan Xu,Xun Li,Chaoming Li,Zebing Li,Huiliang Shao,Tianyi Ma,Wenxin Cui. Research progress of treatment high salinity wastewater by constructed wetlands[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2021, 41(3): 10-16.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2021/V41/I3/10

图/表 1

参考文献 44

1	Calheiros C , Quitério P , Silva G , et al. Use of constructed wetland systems with Arundo and Sarcocornia for polishing high salinity tannery wastewater[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2012, 95 (1): 66- 71. URL
2	Haddad M , Bazinet L , Barbeau B . Eco-efficient treatment of ion ex-change spent brine via electrodialysis to recover NaCl and minimize waste disposal[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2019, 690, 400- 409. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.539
3	李丹丹, 韩建秋. 高盐废水生态处理技术研究进展及展望[J]. 应用技术学报, 2018, 18 (4): 340- 345. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-3424.2018.04.009
4	Yun M , Yeon K , Park J , et al. Characterization of biofilm structure and its effect on membrane permeability in MBR for dye wastewater treatment[J]. Water Research, 2006, 40 (1): 45- 52. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2005.10.035
5	Pan Zhanglei , Zhou Jian , Lin Ziyuan , et al. Effects of COD/TN ratio on nitrogen removal efficiency, microbial community for high saline wastewater treatment based on heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification process[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2020, 301, 122726. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122726
6	Vymazal J . Constructed wetlands for treatment of industrial wastewaters: A review[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2014, 73, 724- 751. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.09.034
7	付春平, 唐运平, 陈锡剑, 等. 3种植物对泰达高盐再生水景观河道水质的净化[J]. 重庆大学学报: 自然科学版, 2006, 29 (10): 118- 120. doi: 10.11835/j.issn.1000-582X.2006.10.028 URL
8	Li Meng , Liang Zhenlin , Callier M , et al. Nutrients removal and substrate enzyme activities in vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands for mariculture wastewater treatment: Effects of ammonia nitrogen loading rates and salinity levels[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2018, 131, 142- 150. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.013
9	Shelef O , Gross A , Rachmilevitch S . Role of plants in a constructed wetland: Current and new perspectives[J]. Water, 2013, 5 (2): 405- 419. doi: 10.3390/w5020405
10	张洪刚, 洪剑明. 人工湿地中植物的作用[J]. 湿地科学, 2006, (2): 146- 154. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-5948.2006.02.012 URL
11	Vacca G , Wand H , Nikolausz M . Effect of plants and filter materials on bacteria removal in pilotscale constructed wetlands[J]. Water Research, 2005, 39 (7): 1361- 1373. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2005.01.005
12	Wang Zhen , Huang Menglu , Qi Ran , et al. Enhanced nitrogen re-moval and associated microbial characteristics in a modified single-stage tidal flow constructed wetland with step-feeding[J]. Chemi-cal Engineering Journal, 2017, 314, 291- 300. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2016.11.060
13	Wang Yanting , Cai Zhengqin , Sheng Sheng , et al. Comprehensive evaluation of substrate materials for contaminants removal in cons-tructed wetlands[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2020, 701, 134736. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134736
14	Xu Fei , Cao Fuqian , Kong Qiang , et al. Electricity production and evolution of microbial community in the constructed wetland-microal fuel cell[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, 339, 479- 486. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.02.003
15	王琴, 瞿贤, ArcangeliJ, 等. 人工湿地植物对高盐废水中COD的去除作用[J]. 环境工程, 2013, 31 (S1): 312- 315.
16	尚克春, 刘宪斌, 陈晓英. 高盐废水人工湿地处理中耐盐植物的筛选[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2014, 31 (1): 74- 78.
17	Sansanayuth P , Phadungchep A , Ngammontha S . Shrimp pond effluent: Pollution problemsand treatment by constructed wetlands[J]. Water Science and Technology, 1996, 34 (11): 93- 98. doi: 10.2166/wst.1996.0267
18	邱金泉, 王静, 张雨山. 人工湿地处理高盐度污水的适用性及研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2009, 29 (11): 1- 3. URL
19	Liu Ye , Peng Chengyao , Tang Bing , et al. Determination effect of influent salinity and inhibition time on partial nitrification in a sequencing batch reactor treating saline sewage[J]. Desalination, 2009, 246 (1/2/3): 556- 566.
20	Calheiros C , Teixeira A , Pires C , et al. Bacterial community dyna-mics in horizontal flow constructed wetlands with different plants for high salinity industrial wastewater polishing[J]. Water Research, 2010, 44 (17): 5032- 5038. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.017 URL
21	Karajic M , Lapanje A , Razinger J , et al. The effect of the application of halotolerant microorganisms on the efficiency of a pilotscale constructed wetland for saline wastewater treatment[J]. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 2010, 75 (1): 129- 142. doi: 10.2298/JSC1001129K
22	Wang Xinyi , Zhu Hui , Yan Baixing , et al. Bioaugmented constructed wetlands for denitrification of saline wastewater: A boost for both microorganisms and plants[J]. Environment International, 2020, 138, 105628. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105628
23	Fu Guiping , Zhao Lin , Huangshen Linkun , et al. Isolation and identification of a salt-tolerant aerobic denitrifying bacterial strain and its application to saline wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2019, 290, 121725. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121725
24	杨萌尧, 吕铭志, 何春光, 等. 基质类型和粒径对垂直潜流人工湿地堵塞效应的研究[J]. 湿地科学, 2017, 15 (3): 391- 395.
25	秦娟娟. 人工湿地填料对含盐污水中污染物吸附性能研究[D]. 青岛:中国海洋大学, 2014.
26	Wu Yan , Tam N , Wong M . Effects of salinity on treatment of municipal wastewater by constructed mangrove wetland microcosms[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2008, 57 (6): 727- 734.
27	Sun Wei , Zhao Huilin , Wang Fen , et al. Effect of salinity on nitrogen and phosphorus removal pathways in a hydroponic micro-ecosystem planted with Lythrum salicaria L[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2017, 105, 205- 210. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.04.048
28	Chyan J , Huang S , Lin C . Impacts of salinity on degradation of pollutions in hybrid constructed wetlands[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2017, 124, 176- 187. URL
29	郝晓地, 孟祥挺, 胡沅胜. 人工湿地温室气体释放、影响及其控制[J]. 中国给水排水, 2016, 32 (22): 39- 47.
30	卿杰, 王超, 左倬, 等. 大型表流人工湿地不同季节不同进水负荷下水质净化效果研究[J]. 环境工程, 2015, 33 (S1): 190- 193.
31	Liang Yinxiu , Zhu Hui , Banuelos G , et al. Removal of nutrients in saline wastewater using constructed wetlands: Plant species, influent loads and salinity levels as influencing factors[J]. Chemosphere, 2017, 187, 52- 61. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.087
32	Werker A , Dougherty J , McHenry J , et al. Treatment variability for wetland wastewater treatment design in cold climates[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2002, 19 (1): 1- 11. doi: 10.1016/S0925-8574(02)00016-2
33	Freedman A , Gross A , Shelef O , et al. Salt uptake and evapotranspiration under arid conditions in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland planted with halophytes[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2014, 70, 282- 286. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.06.012
34	Kim B , Gautier M , Simidoff A , et al. pH and Eh effects on phosphorus fate in constructed wetland's sludge surface deposit[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2016, 183, 175- 181. URL
35	Alemu T , Lemma E , Mekonnen A , et al. Performance of pilot scale anaerobic-SBR system integrated with constructed wetlands for the treatment of tannery wastewater[J]. Environmental Processes, 2016, 3 (4): 815- 827. doi: 10.1007/s40710-016-0171-1
36	Das B , Thakur S , Chaithanya S , et al. Batch investigation of constructed wetland microbial fuel cell with reverse osmosis(RO) concentrate and wastewater mix as substrate[J]. Biomass and Bioen-ergy, 2019, 122, 231- 237. doi: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2019.01.017
37	Li Dandan , Chen Fengzhen , Han Jianqiu . A study of the treatment of high-salt chromium-containing wastewater by the photocatalysis-constructed wetland combination method[J]. Water Science and Technology, 2019, 80 (10): 1956- 1966. doi: 10.2166/wst.2020.017
38	Zheng Xiaoying , Jin Mengqi , Zhou Xiang , et al. Enhanced removal mechanism of iron carbon micro-electrolysis constructed wetland on C, N, and P in salty permitted effluent of wastewater treatment plant[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 2019, 649, 21- 30. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.195
39	Shen Youhao , Zhuang Linlan , Zhang Jian , et al. A study of ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis process to enhance nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency in subsurface flow constructed wetlands[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 359, 706- 712. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.11.152
40	Grattieri M , Minteer D . Microbial fuel cells in saline and hypersa-line environments: Advancements, challenges and future perspectives[J]. Bioelectrochemistry, 2018, 120, 127- 137. doi: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.12.004
41	Zhen He , Minteer S , Angenent L . Electricity generation from artificial wastewater using an upflow microbial fuel cell[J]. Environmen-tal Science & Technology, 2005, 39 (14): 5262- 5267. URL
42	Xu Fei , Ouyang Delong , Rene E , et al. Electricity production enhancement in a constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell system for treating saline wastewater[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2019, 288, 121462. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121462
43	吉飞, 何如民, 赵陈冬, 等. 生化—氧化—人工湿地立体处理工艺中试研究[J]. 水处理技术, 2020, 46 (4): 88- 92.
44	Si Zhihao , Song Xinshan , Wang Yuhui , et al. Untangling the nitrate removal pathways for a constructed wetland-sponge iron coupled system and the impacts of sponge iron on a wetland ecosystem[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020, 393, 122407. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122407

湿地组合系统	湿地类型	植物	pH	HRT	污染物去除率	优点
人工湿地-厌氧SBR^〔35〕	水平潜流人工湿地	石楠	7.25~10.3	3~5 d	COD 96.6%；TP 83.12%； TN 90.4%；NH₄⁺-N 97%；SO₄^2-81.8%	去除污染物效率高不产生二次污染物（化学污泥），节省能源和化工成本等优点
人工湿地微生物燃料电池耦合^〔14〕	垂直流流人工湿地	芦苇	7.4	3 d	COD 82.32%；TP 95.06%； TN 82.46%；NH₄⁺-N 79.67%	CW-MFC系统的微生物群落多样性和丰富度均高于CW系统
人工湿地微生物燃料电池耦合^〔36〕	垂直流流人工湿地	美人蕉	7.4	3 d	COD 88.1%；TDS 82.05%	高盐污水具有良好的导电性，可以显著降低耦合系统的内阻。盐度在提高产电的同时或许可以同步促进污染物的去除过程
光催化-人工湿地^〔37〕	潜流人工湿地	海棠和木槿		4 h	COD 83%；BOD₅ 42%；Cr（Ⅵ）96%	缩短了处理时间，而且显著改善了处理后废水的水质
铁炭微电解人工湿地^〔38〕	垂直流人工湿地	芦苇	6.4~6.7	2 d	COD 62.7%；TP 83.12%；TN 81.21%； NH₄⁺-N 91.76%；NO₃^--N 87.15%	提高了COD的去除率和微生物的丰富度和生物多样性
生化—氧化—人工湿地^〔39〕	潜流人工湿地	—	7~8	2 d	COD 98%；TP 96%；NH₄⁺-N 96%	处理成本低、处理效果好、节约用地等优势
人工湿地-海绵铁耦合^〔40〕	实验室规模人工湿地	美人蕉	6.99~7.03	6 h	NO₃^--N 64%；TIN 79%	海绵铁能够强化对硝酸盐的去除效果

湿地组合系统	湿地类型	植物	pH	HRT	污染物去除率	优点
人工湿地-厌氧SBR^〔35〕	水平潜流人工湿地	石楠	7.25~10.3	3~5 d	COD 96.6%；TP 83.12%； TN 90.4%；NH₄⁺-N 97%；SO₄^2-81.8%	去除污染物效率高不产生二次污染物（化学污泥），节省能源和化工成本等优点
人工湿地微生物燃料电池耦合^〔14〕	垂直流流人工湿地	芦苇	7.4	3 d	COD 82.32%；TP 95.06%； TN 82.46%；NH₄⁺-N 79.67%	CW-MFC系统的微生物群落多样性和丰富度均高于CW系统
人工湿地微生物燃料电池耦合^〔36〕	垂直流流人工湿地	美人蕉	7.4	3 d	COD 88.1%；TDS 82.05%	高盐污水具有良好的导电性，可以显著降低耦合系统的内阻。盐度在提高产电的同时或许可以同步促进污染物的去除过程
光催化-人工湿地^〔37〕	潜流人工湿地	海棠和木槿		4 h	COD 83%；BOD₅ 42%；Cr（Ⅵ）96%	缩短了处理时间，而且显著改善了处理后废水的水质
铁炭微电解人工湿地^〔38〕	垂直流人工湿地	芦苇	6.4~6.7	2 d	COD 62.7%；TP 83.12%；TN 81.21%； NH₄⁺-N 91.76%；NO₃^--N 87.15%	提高了COD的去除率和微生物的丰富度和生物多样性
生化—氧化—人工湿地^〔39〕	潜流人工湿地	—	7~8	2 d	COD 98%；TP 96%；NH₄⁺-N 96%	处理成本低、处理效果好、节约用地等优势
人工湿地-海绵铁耦合^〔40〕	实验室规模人工湿地	美人蕉	6.99~7.03	6 h	NO₃^--N 64%；TIN 79%	海绵铁能够强化对硝酸盐的去除效果

[1]	赵帆, 龚茜, 韩严和, 郭智, 季华, 马雪姣. EGSB-SBR-臭氧氧化组合工艺处理石化工业废水的研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(3): 129-136.
[2]	刘飞飞, 武彦巍, 王文涛, 唐彤, 马海龙. 膜技术与蒸发结晶工艺在VB₁₂高盐废水零排放中的应用[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(3): 219-226.
[3]	张丹, 涂保华, 汪学明, 殷鸿洋, 孙昭. 石油烃污染地下水中原核微生物群落特征[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(2): 166-174.
[4]	彭先春, 郑丽丽, 鹿浩然, 王赭枫, 朱正, 梁文艳. 硫/钢渣复合基质去除低碳源地表水中硝酸盐[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(1): 41-48.
[5]	朱勇强, 沈倩, 许婷婷, 林鑫. 生物强化MFC去除制药废水中的苯酚及产电性能评估[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(1): 49-57.
[6]	赵璇, 刘涛, 杨蒙, 乔森. IFFAS-ESMBR一体式复合工艺处理低C/N石化废水[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(1): 32-40.
[7]	徐玲莉, 刘玉香, 董静, 任莉, 王文君, 袁可. 苯酚高效降解菌群的群落结构及其代谢产物研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(9): 85-90.
[8]	顾俊杰, 康兴生, 孟英杰, 范洪凯, 黄丽珠, 孟倩雅, 邹晓凤. 微生物强化植物修复技术治理底泥内源污染[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(9): 98-103.
[9]	陈子昂, 杨依婷, 迟茜, 杨晶晶, 夏广森, 展巨宏. 电催化臭氧耦合BAC工艺对污水中卡马西平去除和微生物群落影响[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(9): 91-97.
[10]	谷立坤, 郝建新, 岳金葳, 许贺铭, 曹冬辉, 李奕潮, 彭赵旭, 张建云. 垃圾发电厂渗滤液厌氧反应器启动污泥适应性研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(9): 75-84.
[11]	肖飞, 王世民, 贾壮壮, 赵峰德. Ni²⁺诱导好氧颗粒污泥形成及处理高盐废水脱氮除磷研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(8): 178-186.
[12]	李莹, 刘强, 项玮, 曲吉祥, 杨翠萍, 范秀磊. MBR与HMBR除污效能及相关功能微生物对比研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(7): 156-161.
[13]	王铮, 贾林春, 史大林, 何月玲, 薛罡. 基于碳纤维强化的Fe⁰混养反硝化脱氮效能与机制[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(4): 66-75.
[14]	骆子琛, 李星燃, 王建芳. 有机物对ANAMMOX性能及微生物影响的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(2): 39-47.
[15]	关莹, 刘润, 秦品珠, 张瑞敏. 二乙二醇丁醚好氧污泥微生物群落结构及降解途径分析[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(12): 86-93.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容