基于流动电位法表征膜Zeta电位测试技术的研究进展

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0115

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

荷电膜因其具有特殊的分离性能受到广泛关注，随着人们对表征膜荷电性能的Zeta电位的认知加深，对Zeta电位的准确性提出了更高的要求。但是膜荷电性弱，且测量过程中易受操作方法、流道几何尺寸、溶液种类、溶液浓度等多种因素影响，导致Zeta电位测量误差大，准确性低。基于流动电位法，对Zeta电位及其测试技术进行了详细介绍，并对流道压差、流道几何尺寸、电解质溶液等测试工艺进行了总结，同时展望了进一步提高测试膜Zeta电位准确性、减少测试过程中不确定因素影响、加快国内自主研发膜表面Zeta电位自动检测仪进程所面临的问题和发展方向。

关键词: 荷电膜, 流动电位, Zeta电位, 测试工艺

Abstract:

Charged membranes have been widely concerned because of special separation performance. With the deepen understanding of the Zeta potential characterizing the charged properties of membranes, higher requirements for the accuracy of Zeta potential are put forward. However, the membrane charge is weak, and it is easily affected by many factors such as operation method, flow channel geometry size, solution type and solution concentration in the measurement process, resulting in large error and low accuracy of Zeta potential. Based on the streaming potential method, the Zeta potential and its measurement were introduced in detail, and the flow channel pressure difference, the flow channel geometric size, and the electrolyte solution were summarized in turn. Meanwhile, the problems and development directions faced by further improving the accuracy of the Zeta potential of the membrane, reducing the impact of uncertain factors in the test process, and speeding up the process of the domestic independent research and development of the membrane Zeta potential automatic detector were also prospected.

Key words: charged membrane, streaming potential, Zeta potential, test technology

中图分类号:

TQ051.893

史志利. 基于流动电位法表征膜Zeta电位测试技术的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(12): 22-29.

Zhili SHI. Research progress of Zeta potential measurement technique for membrane based on streaming potential method[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(12): 22-29.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I12/22

图/表 5

图1 双电层结构示意图及表面电位（Ф）与距离膜表面（y）之间的关系

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of double electric layer structure and surface potential（Ф） with distance from the membrane surface（y）

图2 切向流动电位测试示意

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of tangential streaming potential measurement

图3 切向流动电位表征膜表面Zeta电位工艺流程

Fig.3 Process flow diagram of Zeta potential on membrane surface characterized by tangential streaming potential

图4 流道内流体压力与流速分布情况

Fig.4 Distribution of pressure and velocity in the channel

表1 KCl、NaCl、CaCl₂、CaSO₄溶液在不同浓度下的双电层厚度

Table 1 Thickness of double electric layer of KCl，NaCl，CaCl₂and CaSO₄ solution at different concentrations

离子浓度/ （mol·L^-1）	双电层厚度/nm
离子浓度/ （mol·L^-1）	KCl	NaCl	CaCl₂	CaSO₄
0.001	303.8	303.8	175.4	151.9
0.01	96.1	96.1	55.5	48.0
0.1	30.4	30.4	17.5	15.2

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