微纳米气泡气浮处理含油废水的实验研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用矿物油制备初始pH=7.9、油质量浓度为200 mg/L的模拟含油废水，通过微纳米气泡强化气浮工艺对其进行处理，系统研究了微纳米气泡制备条件及含油废水pH、含盐量对气浮除油效果的影响，并探究微纳米气泡性质与气浮除油效果的相关性。结果表明，在气体流量300 mL/min、溶气压力0.6 MPa条件下微纳米气泡发生装置产生的微纳米气泡对含油废水的处理效果最佳，除油率可达90.8%；废水pH对气浮效果有重要影响，其通过改变微纳米气泡的Zeta电位影响气泡的聚并以及与油滴的附着行为，进而影响气浮效果，在酸性条件下气浮除油效果较好，除油率最高可达94.15%；溶液中的盐离子会通过对气泡表面电荷的屏蔽作用改变其双电层结构，影响气泡稳定性并最终影响气浮效果，随着溶液中氯化钠投加量的增加，除油效果呈先升后降的趋势，在1 000 mg/L时达到最佳除油效果，此时油去除率为94.6%。

关键词: 微纳米气泡, 含油废水, 气浮, Zeta电位

Abstract:

The simulated oily wastewater with initial pH of 7.9 and oil concentration of 200 mg/L was prepared using mineral oil. It was treated by micro-nano bubble enhanced air flotation technology. The effects of micro-nano bubble preparation conditions and the pH and salt content of oily wastewater on oil removal efficiency by air flotation were systematically studied, and the correlation between micro-nano bubble properties and oil removal efficiency by air flotation was explored. The results showed that under the conditions of gas flow rate of 300 mL/min and dissolved gas pressure of 0.6 MPa, the micro-nano bubbles generated by the micro-nano bubble generation device had the best treatment effect on oily wastewater, with an oil removal rate of 90.8%. The pH of wastewater had a significant impact on the effectiveness of air flotation. By changing the Zeta potential of micro-nano bubbles, the coalescence of bubbles and their adhesion to oil droplets were affected, thereby affecting the air flotation. Under acidic conditions, air flotation had a better oil removal effect, with a maximum oil removal rate of 94.15%. The salt ions in the solution would change the double-layer structure of the bubbles by shielding their surface charges, which affected the stability of the bubbles and ultimately affected the air flotation. As the dosage of sodium chloride in the solution increased, the oil removal effect showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The optimal oil removal effect was achieved at 1 000 mg/L, with an oil removal rate of 94.6%.

Key words: micro-nano bubbles, oily wastewater, air flotation, Zeta potential

中图分类号:

X703

刘松涛, 吴添珑, 杨静雯, 陈传敏, 贾文波, 曹悦. 微纳米气泡气浮处理含油废水的实验研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(10): 162-167.

Songtao LIU, Tianlong WU, Jingwen YANG, Chuanmin CHEN, Wenbo JIA, Yue CAO. Experimental study on the treatment of oily wastewater by micro-nano bubble air flotation[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(10): 162-167.

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链接本文: https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I10/162

图/表 6

图1 实验装置示意

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the experimental device

图2 不同溶气压力及气体流量下气浮装置的除油率

Fig.2 Oil removal rate of air flotation device under different dissolved gas pressures and gas flow rates

图3 不同气体流量下微纳米气泡粒径分布（a）及最佳条件下微米级（b）、纳米级（c）气泡粒径分布

Fig.3 Particle size distribution of micro-nano bubbles under different gas flow rates （a） and micro scale（b） and nano scale （c） bubble size distribution in optimal conditions

图4 pH对除油率（a）、气泡Zeta电位（b）、微纳米气泡粒径分布（c~f）和微纳米气泡浓度（g）的影响

Fig.4 Effects of pH on oil removal rate （a），bubble Zeta potential （b），particle size distribution of micro-nano bubbles （c~f），and micro-nano bubble concentration （g）

图5 含盐量对除油率（a）和气泡Zeta电位（b）的影响

Fig.5 Effects of salt content on oil removal rate （a） and bubble Zeta potential （b）

图6 含盐量为0 （a）、1 000 mg/L（b）时微纳米气泡的粒径分布及不同含盐量下微纳米气泡的浓度分布（c）

Fig.6 Particle size distribution of micro-nano bubbles with salt content of 0 （a） and 1 000 mg/L （b），and concentration distribution of micro-nano bubbles under different salt contents （c）

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