摘要：

为了强化立体弹性填料（TEF）的挂膜性能，提升设置TEF的一体化固定膜活性污泥（IFAS）工艺（简称泥膜复合工艺）的污染物去除性能，通过熔融共混法制备了聚季铵盐-10与四氧化三铁复合改性的TEF，以商用TEF为对照，构建两组IFAS反应器（T1采用商用TEF；T2采用改性TEF），系统考察了两种填料表面的理化性质、挂膜性能，探究了T1、T2反应器对污染物的处理效果，并利用高通量测序技术从微生物层面解析了改性TEF强化反应器脱氮的机制。结果表明：改性TEF表面的水滴接触角为75.2°，低于商用TEF（85°），Zeta电位提升至-17.5 mV（商用TEF为-51.1 mV），且表面粗糙度增加，单位质量改性TEF的生物膜附着量高达48.02 mg/g，是商用TEF的1.27倍；反应器稳定运行后，添加改性TEF的反应器出水COD_Cr、氨氮、TN平均值为33.55、1.40、4.84 mg/L，较商用TEF的反应器出水COD、氨氮及TN平均去除率分别提高了6.96%、3.61%、11.19%，表现出更好的污染物去除能力和稳定性，且可以快速适应系统内环境的变化；高通量测序结果显示，改性TEF能够富集脱氮相关的功能性菌群，并且提高与污染物去除相关的功能基因丰度，从代谢层面支持了其优异的污染物去除性能。

关键词: 立体弹性填料, 泥膜复合工艺, 生物膜挂膜, 高通量测序, 群落功能预测

Abstract:

To enhance the biofilm formation performance of three-dimensional elastic filler (TEF) and improve the pollutant removal efficiency of the integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) with TEF, a modified TEF was prepared by melt blending polyquaternium-10 and iron oxide. Commercial TEF was used as the control, and two IFAS reactors (T1 used commercial TEF; T2 used modified TEF) were constructed. The physicochemical properties and biofilm formation performance of the two fillers were systematically investigated. The treatment effects of T1 and T2 reactors on pollutants were explored, and the mechanism of enhanced nitrogen removal by modified TEF was analyzed at the microbial level using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the water droplet contact angle and Zeta potential of the modified TEF surface were 75.2° and -17.5 mV, respectively, which were lower than those of commercial TEF (85° and -51.1 mV). The surface roughness of the modified TEF increased, and the biofilm attachment capacity per unit mass of modified TEF was as high as 48.02 mg/g, 1.27 times that of commercial TEF. When the reactors were stably operated, the average effluent COD_Cr, ammonia nitrogen, and TN concentrations of the reactor with modified TEF were 33.55, 1.40, 4.84 mg/L, respectively, which were 6.96%, 3.61%, 11.19% higher than those of the reactor with commercial TEF. The reactor with modified TEF demonstrated better pollutant removal capacity and stability, and could quickly recover from changes in the system environment. High-throughput sequencing results indicated that modified TEF could enrich functional bacterial communities related to nitrogen removal and increase the abundance of functional genes related to pollutant removal, providing metabolic support for its excellent pollutant removal performance.

Key words: three-dimensional elastic filler, integrated fixed-film activated sludge process, biofilm formation, high-throughput sequencing, community function prediction

中图分类号: 

• X703.1