工业水处理 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 1-16. doi: 10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0550

• 专论与综述 •    

含盐废水处理技术前沿及低碳资源化研究进展

唐正1(), 张凯1, 陈爱1, 吕修颖1, 李根1, 马菁菁1, 赵维1(), 张夏丽2   

  1. 1. 南京工业大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏 南京 211816
    2. 复旦大学智能材料与未来能源创新学院,上海 200438
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-22 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-03-30
  • 通讯作者: 赵维
  • 作者简介:

    唐正(2001— ),硕士,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目(41830642)

Frontiers in saline wastewater treatment technologies and advances in low carbon resource utilization

Zheng TANG1(), Kai ZHANG1, Ai CHEN1, Xiuying LÜ1, Gen LI1, Jingjing MA1, Wei ZHAO1(), Xiali ZHANG2   

  1. 1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
    2. College of Smart Materials and Future Energys, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
  • Received:2025-10-22 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-03-30
  • Contact: Wei ZHAO

摘要:

含盐废水广泛产生于化工、印染、制药及垃圾渗滤液处理等领域,其高盐度特性不仅抑制传统生物对其的处理效能,还易造成土壤盐渍化、水体生态失衡等环境风险。随着“双碳”目标的深入落实和循环经济发展需求的持续升级,含盐废水的处理技术不断发展,但仍面临挑战。采用文献调研和文献计量学相结合的方法,以聚类分析结果系统展示了近年来含盐废水研究进展及发展趋势。综述了热力法、吸附法、膜分离法、高级氧化法、化学沉淀法、电化学法、生物滤池和膜生物反应器等物理、化学和生物法的原理、适用对象和优缺点。重点列举了“减量化-无害化-资源化”组合工艺的协同增效原理及应用案例,同时聚焦了多维度资源协同回收(盐、水、能源、有价金属)、低能耗材料开发(如抗污染膜、高效电极)和智能调控系统构建(基于AI的动态工艺优化)等技术进展,并根据不同行业含盐废水的特点综述了其适用的处理技术,以期为构建低碳、高效的含盐废水管理体系提供理论依据与实践启示,推动含盐废水从“达标排放”转向“资源循环”,为工业绿色升级与生态环境安全提供技术支撑。

关键词: 含盐废水, 处理技术, 耦合工艺, 低碳资源化, 文献计量法

Abstract:

Saline wastewater is widely generated in the fields of chemical industry, printing and dyeing, pharmaceuticals and waste leachate treatment, etc. Its high salinity not only inhibits the effectiveness of traditional biological treatment, but also easily causes soil salinization, ecological imbalance of water bodies and other environmental risks. With the deep implementation of the “dual-carbon” goal and the continuous upgrading of the demand for the development of circular economy, the technology of saline wastewater treatment has been developed continuously, but still faces challenges. This paper applied a combination of literature research and bibliometrics to systematically show the research progress and development trend of saline wastewater in recent years with the results of cluster analysis. The principles, applicability targets, advantages and disadvantages of physical, chemical and biological methods, such as thermodynamics, adsorption, membrane separation, advanced oxidation, chemical precipitation, electrochemical method, biofilter and membrane bioreactor, were summarized. The synergistic principles and application cases of the combined process of “reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization” were highlighted, and the technological progress of multi-dimensional resource synergistic recovery (salt, water, energy, valuable metals), development of low-energy-consuming materials (e.g. anti-pollution membranes,high-efficiency electrodes), and construction of an intelligent control system (dynamic process optimization based on AI) were also emphasized. The paper also summarized the applicable treatment technologies according to the characteristics of saline wastewater in different industries, with a view to providing theoretical basis and practical instruction for building a low-carbon and high-efficiency saline wastewater management system, and promoting the transformation of saline wastewater from “standard discharge” to “resource recycling”, and supporting for industrial green upgrading and ecological environment safety.

Key words: saline wastewater, treatment technologies, coupled processes, low-carbon resource recovery, bibliometrics

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