海上油田管路腐蚀、结垢和细菌综合控制研究

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2025-0660

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海上油田群开采过程中，各个小平台的采出液组成复杂，同时通过海管输送至中央平台的距离较长，导致腐蚀、结垢、细菌滋生及垢下的腐蚀和垢下细菌滋生问题严重。通过建立腐蚀、结垢和细菌滋生综合控制策略，可指导高效管理，有效控制水质和腐蚀导致的安全隐患。通过分析海上油田管路腐蚀、结垢和细菌滋生的关联性，并以现场案例为基础，提出综合解决海上油田管路水质问题的策略。通过海管清管、清管产物的细菌分析、清管后冲击式加注杀菌剂和预膜缓蚀剂、定期监测海管两端H₂S浓度等措施，建立海上油田管路系统综合管理策略。该策略在海上油田的试点应用效果良好。通过该策略的建立和实施，可以有效控制海管的腐蚀、结垢、细菌和水质指标，保障海管的安全生产。

关键词: 海上油田, 腐蚀, 结垢, 细菌滋生, 综合治理

Abstract:

In the process of exploitation of offshore oil field groups, the produced liquid of each small platform has complex composition, and the distance between individual and central platform is long through the sea pipe, which leads to serious problems of corrosion, scaling, bacteria breeding and corrosion under scale and bacteria breeding under scale. Establishing a comprehensive control strategy for corrosion, scaling and bacteria, can guide efficient management and effectively control water quality and safety hazards caused by corrosion. In this paper, the correlation between corrosion, scaling and bacterial growth of pipeline in offshore oil field was analyzed, and the strategy to comprehensively solve the water quality problems of pipeline in offshore oil field was proposed based on field cases. The comprehensive management strategy of offshore oil field pipeline system was established by means of bacteria analysis of offshore pipeline cleaning and pigging products, the impact injection of bactericide and pre-film corrosion inhibitor after pigging, and regular monitoring of hydrogen sulfide content at both ends of offshore pipeline. This strategy had been successfully applied in the offshore oilfield. The establishment and implementation of this strategy could effectively control the corrosion, scaling, bacteria and water quality indexes of sea pipelines, and ensure the safe production of sea pipelines.

Key words: offshore oilfield, corrosion, scaling, bacteria breeding, comprehensive treatment

中图分类号:

X703

丁鹏飞, 刘召, 李凯, 林荣楠, 杨宏业, 宋宏宇, 王虎. 海上油田管路腐蚀、结垢和细菌综合控制研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(12): 198-204.

Pengfei DING, Zhao LIU, Kai LI, Rongnan LIN, Hongye YANG, Hongyu SONG, Hu WANG. Study on strategy of integrity control of corrosion,scaling and bacteria problems of pipelines in offshore oilfield[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(12): 198-204.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I12/198

图/表 9

图1 某海上采油平台群构成图

Fig.1 Composition of an offshore oil production platform complex

图2 管路系统腐蚀、结垢及细菌滋生的相互影响

Fig.2 Interrelationships among corrosion，scaling，and bacteria growth in pipeline systems

表1 FeS不同温度下的溶度积

Table 1 Solubility of FeS at different temperatures

温度/℃	K _sp，FeS	温度/℃	K _sp，FeS
25	4.486 8×10^-4	80	3.124 6×10^-4
40	4.439 0×10^-4	100	2.305 6×10^-4
60	3.916 2×10^-4	125	1.449 5×10^-4

表2 各流程节点同时期挂片腐蚀速率对比

Table 2 Comparison of corrosion rates from coupons at various process nodes during the same period

序号	监测点	腐蚀速率/（mm·a^-1）	腐蚀等级
1	海管上岸	0.823 3	严重腐蚀
2	一级过滤器出口	1.370 1	严重腐蚀
3	二级过滤器出口	1.023 2	严重腐蚀
4	三级过滤器进口	0.357 8	严重腐蚀
5	缓冲罐进口	0.178 3	高度腐蚀
6	缓冲罐水出口	0.209 2	高度腐蚀
7	加压泵	1.578 9	严重腐蚀
8	回注井口	0.551 0	严重腐蚀

图3 某油田达标生产水回注堵塞物情况及XRD分析结果

Fig.3 Plugging substance condition and XRD analysis results of the standard-compliant produced water re-injection in an oilfield

图4 某油田生产水回注流程的总铁及H₂S测试结果

Fig.4 Test results of total iron and hydrogen sulfide in the produced water recycle process of an oilfield

图5 海管剖面分布情况示意

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of submarine pipeline profile

表3 中央平台-小平台SRB测试结果

Table 3 Sulfate-reducing bacteria test results for the central platform-satellite platform

流程测试点	测试细菌数量/mL^-1
中央平台注水海管下岸水样	70
小平台注水海管上岸水样	6
小平台二级过滤器水样	2.5
小平台三级过滤器水样	2.5
小平台加压泵入口水样	25
小平台回注水井A16井活水	25
小平台回注水井A16井死水	250
小平台回注水滤料	2 500
小平台井口回注水	25

图6 小平台上岸端H₂S浓度（a）及回注井井口H₂S浓度（b）的变化

Fig.6 Changes in H₂S concentration at the onshore terminal of the satellite platform（a） and at the wellhead of the reinjection well（b）

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