垃圾渗滤液生物毒性检测技术的应用与展望

doi:10.11894/iwt.2018-0512

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

垃圾渗滤液对周边地表水、地下水及土壤会产生较大的环境隐患。渗滤液排放标准中主要考察COD、BOD₅、重金属等理化指标。但通过经济高效的生物毒性检测技术更能体现出渗滤液对环境的威胁程度。目前渗滤液生物毒性检测技术种类繁多，但缺乏系统的总结与对比。介绍了不同营养级生物作为垃圾渗滤液生物毒性检测受试生物的应用情况，分析了不同生物毒性检测技术的利弊，展望了垃圾渗滤液生物毒性检测技术的发展方向。

关键词: 垃圾渗滤液, 生物毒性, 营养级, 毒性分级

Abstract:

Landfill leachate brings about comparatively big environmental hidden dangers to peripheral surface water, underground water and soil. The physicochemical indexes of landfill leachate discharge standard, such as COD, BOD₅, heavy metal, etc. have been investigated mainly. However, the economic and efficient biotoxicity detection techniques can better assess the threat level of landfill leachate to the environment. Nowadays, there are a great variety of biotoxicity detection techniques for landfill leachate, but there are not sufficient summary and comparison. The application situation of different kinds of organisms at trophic level as subject organisms of landfill leachate biotoxicity detection techniques is introduced, the pros and cons of the techniques analyzed, and the development direction of the techniques predicted.

Key words: landfill leachate, biotoxicity, trophic level, toxicity grading

中图分类号:

X703

何祥,李晓彤,傅金祥,高阳,李晓溪,徐坤. 垃圾渗滤液生物毒性检测技术的应用与展望[J]. 工业水处理, 2019, 39(5): 9-15.

Xiang He,Xiaotong Li,Jinxiang Fu,Yang Gao,Xiaoxi Li,Kun Xu. Application and outlook of biotoxicity detection technique for landfill leachate[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2019, 39(5): 9-15.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2019/V39/I5/9

图/表 1

参考文献 41

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所在区域	受试体	理化特征			EC₅₀、LC₅₀/%	毒性	参考文献
所在区域	受试体	COD/(mg·L^-1)	NH3-N/(mg·L^-1)	pH	EC₅₀、LC₅₀/%	毒性	参考文献
巴西	卤虫	832.5	-	7.07	71.63	有毒	〔16〕
中国	卤虫	12 262	1 131	7.25	17.74	有毒	〔19〕
巴西	大型蚤	3 460~3 470	750~800	8.2~8.5	2.0~2.3	有毒	〔20〕
巴西	卤虫	3 460~3 470	750~800	8.2~8.5	11.9~25.6	有毒	〔20〕
波兰	大型蚤	139~9 558	要	6.6~8.2	0.7~38.5	有毒/高毒	〔22〕
爱尔兰	大型蚤	290~460	261~367	7.0~7.6	35~40	有毒	〔23〕
希腊	卤虫	2 110~6 040	0.08~1.74	8.1~8.7	54.6~95.2	有毒	〔24〕
希腊	轮虫	2 110~6 040	0.08~1.74	8.1~8.7	2.56~9.06	有毒	〔24〕
法国	大型蚤	0.4~8.8	27~4 007	6.2~8.6	1.1~41.7	有毒	〔25〕
法国	模糊网纹蚤	0.4~8.8	27~4 007	6.2~8.6	1.7~111.1	微毒/有毒	〔25〕
法国	卤虫	0.4~8.8	27~4 007	6.2~8.6	1~200	微毒/有毒	〔25〕
法国	轮虫	0.4~8.8	27~4 007	6.2~8.6	1~24.4	有毒	〔25〕
阿尔及利亚	贻贝	4 925	1 526	8.15	0.526(EC₅₀)	剧毒	〔26〕

所在区域	受试体	理化特征			EC₅₀、LC₅₀/%	毒性	参考文献
所在区域	受试体	COD/(mg·L^-1)	NH3-N/(mg·L^-1)	pH	EC₅₀、LC₅₀/%	毒性	参考文献
巴西	卤虫	832.5	-	7.07	71.63	有毒	〔16〕
中国	卤虫	12 262	1 131	7.25	17.74	有毒	〔19〕
巴西	大型蚤	3 460~3 470	750~800	8.2~8.5	2.0~2.3	有毒	〔20〕
巴西	卤虫	3 460~3 470	750~800	8.2~8.5	11.9~25.6	有毒	〔20〕
波兰	大型蚤	139~9 558	要	6.6~8.2	0.7~38.5	有毒/高毒	〔22〕
爱尔兰	大型蚤	290~460	261~367	7.0~7.6	35~40	有毒	〔23〕
希腊	卤虫	2 110~6 040	0.08~1.74	8.1~8.7	54.6~95.2	有毒	〔24〕
希腊	轮虫	2 110~6 040	0.08~1.74	8.1~8.7	2.56~9.06	有毒	〔24〕
法国	大型蚤	0.4~8.8	27~4 007	6.2~8.6	1.1~41.7	有毒	〔25〕
法国	模糊网纹蚤	0.4~8.8	27~4 007	6.2~8.6	1.7~111.1	微毒/有毒	〔25〕
法国	卤虫	0.4~8.8	27~4 007	6.2~8.6	1~200	微毒/有毒	〔25〕
法国	轮虫	0.4~8.8	27~4 007	6.2~8.6	1~24.4	有毒	〔25〕
阿尔及利亚	贻贝	4 925	1 526	8.15	0.526(EC₅₀)	剧毒	〔26〕

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