摘要：

农村污水水量变化大，容易影响污水处理设施的正常运行，应用废砖构建农村污水处理型接户井能够实现污染控制前置，提高污水治理体系的稳定性，也能够实现农村建筑废弃物的资源化利用，前景广阔。但是，该技术的影响因素和参数选取尚不明确，影响其推广应用。为解决上述问题，采用小试和中试装置，结合材料表征、单因素分析和响应曲面分析等方法，对基于废砖的农村污水处理型接户井的废砖粒径影响、污染控制效果和参数优化过程开展研究。结果表明，基于废砖的农村污水处理型接户井具有良好的污水处理效果，0.5~<1.0 cm粒径的废砖碎块较为适用；填料高度、折流深度和跌水高度影响接户井的污染控制效果，随填料高度和折流深度的增加以及跌水高度的降低，污染物去除率升高；接户井在最优条件下的COD、悬浮物、氨氮、总氮和总磷去除率分别达58%、68%、60%、52%和58%，就地还田利用情景下填料高度宜为90 cm、折流深度宜为64 cm、跌水高度宜为12 cm。该研究可为农村污水的污染控制前置提供可行技术方案并为农村污水治理技术的进步提供参考。

关键词: 农村污水, 接户井, 废砖, 污染控制, 响应曲面

Abstract:

The amount of rural sewage varies greatly, which easily affects the normal operation of sewage treatment facilities. The application of waste bricks to construct rural sewage treatment type household manholes can realize front pollution control, improve the stability of the rural sewage treatment system, and realize the resource utilization of rural construction wastes, which has a broad prospect. However, the influencing factors and parameter selection of this technology are not clear, which affects its popularization and application. To solve the above problems,this study adopted small and pilot devices, combined with material characterization, single factor analysis and response surface analysis to study the influence of waste brick particle size, pollution control effect and parameter optimization process of waste brick-based rural sewage treatment type household manholes. It was found that waste brick-based rural sewage treatment type household manholes had good sewage treatment effects, and waste brick fragments with particle size of 0.5-<1.0 cm were more suitable. Filling height, baffling depth and drop height had influences on the pollution control effect of household manholes. With the increase of filling height and baffling depth, and the decrease of drop height, the removal rate of pollutants increased. Under the optimal conditions of household manholes, the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand, suspended matter, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus reached 58%, 68%, 60%, 52% and 58%, respectively. The filling height of 90 cm, the baffling depth of 64 cm, and the drop height of 12 cm were desirable for the in-site reuse scenario. This study could provide a feasible technical solution for the pollution control of rural sewage and a reference for rural sewage treatment technology.

Key words: rural sewage, household manholes, waste brick, pollution control, response surface

中图分类号: 

• X52

• X703