基于一体化PN/A工艺处理沼液的前处理工艺研究

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0896

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

餐厨沼液中COD高导致C/N偏高，直接采用一体化短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化（PN/A）工艺处理易引起异养菌累积导致系统失稳问题。对此，设计试验分析对比混凝沉淀、厌氧消化和缺氧/好氧（A/O）3种前处理工艺对餐厨沼液COD及其他污染物的去除效果，考察C/N的变化，同时结合工艺应用优劣势，明确最佳前处理工艺，并进一步考察该前处理工艺联合一体化PN/A工艺长期运行的效果和稳定性。结果表明，A/O工艺表现出最佳的前处理效果，COD去除率超过65%，明显优于混凝沉淀工艺（26.0%）和厌氧消化工艺（60.1%），且出水C/N稳定低于1。此外，A/O工艺运维简单，工艺运行稳定，且能去除11%的TN。因此，选定A/O工艺为前处理工艺。在A/O-PN/A联动试验中，即使在进水C/N波动的条件下，A/O工艺仍能将出水C/N稳定维持在0.8±0.1，确保PN/A系统稳定运行。组合工艺对NH₄ ⁺-N和TN的去除率分别稳定达到90%和85%以上。与传统的两级A/O工艺相比，A/O-PN/A组合工艺具有无碳源投加、节省曝气能耗和占地面积的优势，为餐厨沼液等高氨氮废水的处理提供了一条经济、高效且低碳的技术路径。

关键词: 沼液, C/N, 短程硝化, 厌氧氨氧化, 高氨氮废水

Abstract:

The high COD concentration in food waste biogas slurry leads to a high C/N ratio. Directly applying the integrated partial nitrification-anammox(PN/A) process for treatment can easily cause the accumulation of heterotrophic bacteria and process instability. To address, the experimental design involved analyzing and comparing the removal efficiencies of COD and other pollutants in food waste biogas slurry by three pretreatment processes: coagulation-sedimentation, anaerobic digestion, and anoxic/oxic (A/O). The changes of C/N ratio were investigated, and the optimal pretreatment process was determined based on the advantages and disadvantages of the processes. Furthermore, the long-term operational effect and stability of the combined pretreatment process and integrated PN/A process were explored. The results showed that the A/O process exhibited the best pretreatment effect, with COD removal rate of exceeding 65%, which was significantly higher than the coagulation-sedimentation process (26.0%) and anaerobic digestion process (60.1%), and the effluent C/N remained stable below 1. In addition, the A/O process had simple operation and maintenance, stable process operation, and could remove 11% of TN. Therefore, the A/O process was selected as the most suitable pretreatment process. In the A/O-PN/A linkage test, even under the condition of fluctuating influent C/N, the A/O process could still maintain the effluent C/N stable at 0.8±0.1, ensuring the stable operation of the PN/A system. The combined process could achieve stable removal rates of over 90% and 85% for NH₄ ⁺-N and TN, respectively. Compared with the traditional two-stage A/O process, the A/O-PN/A combined process had the advantages of no carbon source addition, reduced aeration energy consumption and land area, providing an economical, efficient and low-carbon technical path for the treatment of high ammonia-nitrogen wastewater such as food waste biogas slurry.

Key words: biogas slurry, C/N ratio, partial nitritation, anaerobic ammonium oxidation, high ammonia-nitrogen wastewater

中图分类号:

陈锦财, 张连, 王思琦, 刘淑杰, 黎紫江, 邓昭滨, 罗泳翔, 李艳红. 基于一体化PN/A工艺处理沼液的前处理工艺研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(10): 183-190.

Jincai CHEN, Lian ZHANG, Siqi WANG, Shujie LIU, Zijiang Li, Zhaobin DENG, Yongxiang LUO, Yanhong LI. Study on pre-treatment processes for biogas slurry treatment based on integrated PN/A process[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(10): 183-190.

https://www.iwt.cn/CN/Y2025/V45/I10/183

图/表 11

表1 餐厨沼液水质

Table 1 Water quality of food waste biogas slurry

项目	COD/（mg·L^-1）	NH₄ ⁺-N/（mg·L^-1）	TN/（mg·L^-1）	SS/（mg·L^-1）	C/N	pH
数值	1 600~6 500	1 000~1 500	1 100~1 600	300~900	1.5~3.1	7.2~7.9

图1 试验装置示意

Fig.1 Schematics of experiment device

图2 3种混凝剂不同投加量下对污染物的去除效果

Fig.2 The pollutant removal efficiency under different dosages of three coagulants

图3 不同PAM投加量下污染物的去除效果

Fig.3 Pollutant removal effect under different dosages of PAM

表2 最佳混凝沉淀条件下污染物去除效果和C/N的变化

Table 2 Pollutant removal effects and C/N ratio variation under optimal coagulation-sedimentation conditions

项目	处理前质量浓度/（mg·L^-1）	处理后质量浓度/（mg·L^-1）	去除率/%
COD	3 959.5	2 931.0	26.0
NH₄ ⁺-N	1 333.0	1 159.0	13.1
TN	1 478.0	1 209.8	14.7
TP	3.2	1.1	67.2
C/N	2.7	2.4

图4 厌氧消化工艺对污染物的去除效果

Fig.4 Pollutant removal effect of anaerobic digestion process

表3 厌氧消化工艺下污染物浓度及C/N变化

Table 3 Pollutant concentrations and C/N ratio variations under anaerobic digestion process

项目	处理前	处理后
COD/（mg·L^-1）	3 021.1	1 206.2
NH₄ ⁺-N/（mg·L^-1）	1 206.1	1 241.9
C/N	2.3	1

图5 A/O工艺对污染物的去除效果

Fig.5 Pollutant removal effect of A/O process

表4 A/O工艺下污染物浓度及C/N变化

Table 4 Pollutant concentrations and C/N ratio variations under the A/O process

水质指标	处理前	处理后
COD/（mg·L^-1）	3 109.4	1 004.2
NH₄ ⁺-N/（mg·L^-1）	1 391.4	1 134.1
TN/（mg·L^-1）	1 422.3	1 245.3
C/N	2.3	0.8

表5 3种前处理工艺对比分析

Table 5 Comparative analysis of three pre-treatment processes

工艺类型	COD 去除率/%	C/N		优点	缺点
工艺类型	COD 去除率/%	处理前	处理后	优点	缺点
混凝沉淀	26.0	2.7	2.4	操作简单、效果稳定	去除溶解性COD效果有限，化学药剂成本高
厌氧消化	60.1	2.3	1.0	生成的沼气可用于能源回收，长期运行费用低	HRT长，对温度较为敏感，需设置沼气收集和处理系统，对现场安全防护要求较高，增加了操作管理的复杂性，投资成本高
A/O	67.7	2.3	0.8	高效去除COD；技术成熟；流程简单；使用了RPIR模块的A/O工艺，节省占地	需要一定的曝气能耗，污泥产量大

图6 A/O-PN/A组合工艺污染物去除效果

Fig.6 Pollutant removal effect of combined A/O-PN/A process

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