摘要：

目前有机染料的高效脱除已成为染料废水深度处理和回用中需要解决的重要问题。以聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）膜为基膜，聚吡咯烷酮（PVP）为致孔剂，聚多巴胺（PDA）和纳米氧化锌（ZnO）为改性剂制备PDA@ZnO/PVDF复合膜。通过正交试验优化PDA@ZnO/PVDF膜制备过程中PDA、PVP、ZnO的添加量，随后对该复合膜的微观结构进行了表征，并对其机械性能、亲水特性以及渗透分离性能进行了测试。正交试验结果表明，PDA@ZnO/PVDF膜制备中PVP质量分数、PDA质量分数、ZnO质量分数分别为2%、0.8%、1.2%时，膜的渗透分离性能最佳。X-射线衍射（XRD）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析证实了PDA@ZnO纳米颗粒与PVDF膜成功复合。扫描电镜（SEM）和膜孔隙结构测试表明，PDA@ZnO的加入显著改善了膜的内部孔隙结构。与未改性的对照膜相比，优选复合膜的机械性能和亲水性均有显著提升，膜的脆性降低，其断裂伸长率达到19.5%。膜的渗透分离性能表明，优选复合膜的通量和截留率有明显提高，其纯水通量高达1 196.21 L/（m²·h），对分散深蓝HGL的截留率超过95%。研究结果显示，经过优化的PDA@ZnO/PVDF膜在染料废水处理方面具有较大的应用潜力。

关键词: 聚多巴胺, 纳米氧化锌, PVDF膜, 染料废水

Abstract:

The efficient removal of organic dyes has become a critical issue in the advanced treatment and reuse of dye wastewater. PDA@ZnO/PVDF composite membrane was prepared using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane as the base membrane, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the porogenic agent, and polydopamine (PDA) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles as modifiers. The addition amounts of PDA, PVP, and ZnO in the preparation of PDA@ZnO/PVDF membranes were optimized by orthogonal tests. The microstructures of the composite membranes were characterized, and their mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, and osmotic separation properties were evaluated. The results of orthogonal tests showed that the membrane exhibited optimal permeation-separation performance when the mass fraction of PVP, PDA, and ZnO in the preparation of PDA@ZnO/PVDF membrane were 2%, 0.8%, and 1.2%, respectively. The presence of PDA@ZnO nanoparticles on PVDF membranes was confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) analysis. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and pore structure tests showed that the addition of PDA@ZnO improved the internal porous structure of the membrane. Compared with the unmodified membrane, the mechanical properties and hydrophilicity of the optimized composite membrane were improved, the brittleness of the membrane was significantly reduced, and the elongation at break reached 19.5%. Permeation-separation tests shoved that the optimized membrane exhibited significantly improved flux and rejection performance, with a pure water flux of up to 1 196.21 L/(m²·h) and a rejection rate of more than 95% for dispersed deep blue HGL. The results showed that the optimized PDA@ZnO/PVDF membrane had significant potential for the treatment of dye wastewater.

Key words: polydopamine, nanometer zinc oxide, PVDF membrane, dye wastewater

中图分类号: 

• X703