Joint activation of persulfate and its removal of pollutants in wastewater: Progresses and perspective

doi:10.11894/iwt.2021-0255

Abstract

Abstract:

Persulfate(PS) advanced oxidation process is an effective method to remove pollutants from wastewater. In this process, PS was used as oxidant to oxidize and degrade pollutants after activation. The different activation modes of PS have a synergistic effect on each other, which shows the better pollutant removal effect than simple addition of single activation. The activation methods of PS were reviewed, the activation mechanisms of different types of joint activation including the joint activation between transition metals, joint activation between non-metals and transition metals, and joint activation between non-metals were described. Furthermore, the application status about joint activation of PS in the removal of trace organic pollutants was discussed, and the development prospect of the joint technology to activate PS was prospected.

Key words: persulfate, joint activation, trace organic pollutants, wastewater

摘要：

过硫酸盐（Persulfate，PS）高级氧化工艺是去除污水中污染物的有效方法。该工艺以PS为氧化剂，将其活化后对污染物进行氧化降解。PS的不同活化方式相互联合具有协同作用，表现出超越单一活化简单加和的污染物去除效果。综述了PS的活化方式，阐述了包括过渡金属之间联合活化、非金属与过渡金属联合活化、非金属之间联合活化在内的不同类别联合活化的活化机理，讨论了联合活化PS在去除微量有机污染物中的应用现状，并对联合活化PS技术的发展前景进行展望。

关键词: 过硫酸盐, 联合活化, 微量有机污染物, 污水

CLC Number:

X703

Hongzhou Li,Guochen Shen,Jinju Geng,Hongqiang Ren. Joint activation of persulfate and its removal of pollutants in wastewater: Progresses and perspective[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2021, 41(6): 66-76.

李红州,沈国宸,耿金菊,任洪强. 联合活化过硫酸盐及其去除污水中污染物研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2021, 41(6): 66-76.

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https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2021/V41/I6/66

Figures/Tables 1

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污染物	分类	水样来源	活化方式	实验条件	去除效果	参考文献
对羟基苯甲酸丙酯	抑菌剂	模拟水	磁性炭干凝胶（CX/Fe）	PDS 500 mg/L，pH=3，超声强度36 W/L	60 min降解99.6%	〔92〕
对羟基苯甲酸丙酯	抑菌剂	模拟水&二级污水	US/电化学	PDS 0.1 mol/L，电流强度3.75 mA/cm²，超声强度36 W/L	10 min降解89%	〔81〕
对羟基苯甲酸甲酯	防腐剂	模拟水	CuFe₂O₄-rGO	PDS 5 mmol/L	120 min降解96%	〔82〕
甲硝唑、磺胺嘧啶	抑菌剂	松花江水	微波辐射/Fe₃O₄	PDS 300 mg/L，80 ℃，微波功率300 W	30 min降解90%	〔83〕
磺胺二甲嘧啶	抑菌剂	模拟水	US/Cu⁰	Cu⁰ 64 mg/L，PDS 0.5 mmol/L，超声强度0.4 W/L	60 min降解96.49%	〔61〕
布洛芬	非甾体抗炎药	模拟水	Ni-Co@NCNTs	PMS 0.65 mmol/L，25 ℃，活化剂0.05 g/L	100%去除	〔84〕
布洛芬	非甾体抗炎药	模拟水	UVA/TiO₂	PDS 0.5 mmol/L，活化剂20 mg/L，光照强度2 mW/cm²	20 min降解100%	〔85〕
吡罗昔康	非甾体抗炎药	模拟水	US/Fe⁰	Fe⁰ 2 mg/L，PDS 20 mg/L	30 min降解100%	〔93〕
四环素、土霉素等	抗生素	模拟水	UV/Fe⁰	Fe⁰ 0.2 mmol/L，PDS 0.2 mmol/L	60 min降解98.4%磺胺嘧啶	〔37〕
氯霉素	抗生素	模拟水	US/Fe⁰	PDS 1 mmol/L，Fe⁰ 0.5 g/L，超声强度0.36 W/L	90 min降解98.1%	〔86〕
磺胺甲恶唑	抗生素	模拟废水&生活污水	BC/US和BC/solar	PDS 250 mg/L，碳90 mg/L	30 min降解83%	〔38〕
若丹明B	染料	模拟水	Fe²⁺/MoS₂	PMS 1 mmol/L，Fe²⁺ 54 mmol/L	降解率94.7%	〔54〕
酸性蓝7	染料	模拟水	US/ZIF-8	PDS 0.6 mmol/L，ZIF-8 0.6 g/L，pH=8.3，超声功率150 W	90 min降解82%	〔94〕
2-甲氧基苯酚	食品添加剂	真实废水	热/碱	pH=12	20 min降解93.8%	〔36〕
双酚A	化工原材料	模拟水	Fe/N-C	PMS 0.5 mmol/L，活化剂0.1 g/L，pH=6.76，25 ℃	60 min降解97%	〔89〕
双酚A	化工原材料	模拟水	D35-TiO₂/g-C₃N₄	活化剂50 mg/L，PDS 2 mmol/L	15 min降解100%	〔90〕
双酚A	化工原材料	三级处理废水	UV/rGO	活化剂0.01 g/L，PDS 0.125 mmol/L	30 min降解100%	〔91〕
卡马西平	精神类药物	模拟水	g-C₃N₄-IMA-FePcCl16	PMS 0.3 mmol/L，活化剂0.1 g/L，pH=7	30 min降解95%	〔87〕
卡马西平	精神类药物	模拟水	电化学/C	PDS 100 mmol/L，电极电位6 V，pH=3，25 ℃	30 min降解98.78%	〔88〕
二甲双胍	降血糖药	模拟水	UV/Fe	PMS 20 mg/L，Fe 0.05 mg/L，pH=6.3	60 min降解100%	〔95〕
二硝基重氮酚工业废水	炸药	工业废水	微波辐射/Fe²⁺	PDS 8 g/L，微波功率600 W，Fe²⁺ 0.32 mg/L	30 min去除71.42% COD	〔96〕
NOM		模拟水	UV/Fe²⁺	PDS 400 μmol/L，Fe²⁺ 100 μmol/L，pH=7.1，20 ℃	将NOM降解为低分子质量物质	〔97〕

污染物	分类	水样来源	活化方式	实验条件	去除效果	参考文献
对羟基苯甲酸丙酯	抑菌剂	模拟水	磁性炭干凝胶（CX/Fe）	PDS 500 mg/L，pH=3，超声强度36 W/L	60 min降解99.6%	〔92〕
对羟基苯甲酸丙酯	抑菌剂	模拟水&二级污水	US/电化学	PDS 0.1 mol/L，电流强度3.75 mA/cm²，超声强度36 W/L	10 min降解89%	〔81〕
对羟基苯甲酸甲酯	防腐剂	模拟水	CuFe₂O₄-rGO	PDS 5 mmol/L	120 min降解96%	〔82〕
甲硝唑、磺胺嘧啶	抑菌剂	松花江水	微波辐射/Fe₃O₄	PDS 300 mg/L，80 ℃，微波功率300 W	30 min降解90%	〔83〕
磺胺二甲嘧啶	抑菌剂	模拟水	US/Cu⁰	Cu⁰ 64 mg/L，PDS 0.5 mmol/L，超声强度0.4 W/L	60 min降解96.49%	〔61〕
布洛芬	非甾体抗炎药	模拟水	Ni-Co@NCNTs	PMS 0.65 mmol/L，25 ℃，活化剂0.05 g/L	100%去除	〔84〕
布洛芬	非甾体抗炎药	模拟水	UVA/TiO₂	PDS 0.5 mmol/L，活化剂20 mg/L，光照强度2 mW/cm²	20 min降解100%	〔85〕
吡罗昔康	非甾体抗炎药	模拟水	US/Fe⁰	Fe⁰ 2 mg/L，PDS 20 mg/L	30 min降解100%	〔93〕
四环素、土霉素等	抗生素	模拟水	UV/Fe⁰	Fe⁰ 0.2 mmol/L，PDS 0.2 mmol/L	60 min降解98.4%磺胺嘧啶	〔37〕
氯霉素	抗生素	模拟水	US/Fe⁰	PDS 1 mmol/L，Fe⁰ 0.5 g/L，超声强度0.36 W/L	90 min降解98.1%	〔86〕
磺胺甲恶唑	抗生素	模拟废水&生活污水	BC/US和BC/solar	PDS 250 mg/L，碳90 mg/L	30 min降解83%	〔38〕
若丹明B	染料	模拟水	Fe²⁺/MoS₂	PMS 1 mmol/L，Fe²⁺ 54 mmol/L	降解率94.7%	〔54〕
酸性蓝7	染料	模拟水	US/ZIF-8	PDS 0.6 mmol/L，ZIF-8 0.6 g/L，pH=8.3，超声功率150 W	90 min降解82%	〔94〕
2-甲氧基苯酚	食品添加剂	真实废水	热/碱	pH=12	20 min降解93.8%	〔36〕
双酚A	化工原材料	模拟水	Fe/N-C	PMS 0.5 mmol/L，活化剂0.1 g/L，pH=6.76，25 ℃	60 min降解97%	〔89〕
双酚A	化工原材料	模拟水	D35-TiO₂/g-C₃N₄	活化剂50 mg/L，PDS 2 mmol/L	15 min降解100%	〔90〕
双酚A	化工原材料	三级处理废水	UV/rGO	活化剂0.01 g/L，PDS 0.125 mmol/L	30 min降解100%	〔91〕
卡马西平	精神类药物	模拟水	g-C₃N₄-IMA-FePcCl16	PMS 0.3 mmol/L，活化剂0.1 g/L，pH=7	30 min降解95%	〔87〕
卡马西平	精神类药物	模拟水	电化学/C	PDS 100 mmol/L，电极电位6 V，pH=3，25 ℃	30 min降解98.78%	〔88〕
二甲双胍	降血糖药	模拟水	UV/Fe	PMS 20 mg/L，Fe 0.05 mg/L，pH=6.3	60 min降解100%	〔95〕
二硝基重氮酚工业废水	炸药	工业废水	微波辐射/Fe²⁺	PDS 8 g/L，微波功率600 W，Fe²⁺ 0.32 mg/L	30 min去除71.42% COD	〔96〕
NOM		模拟水	UV/Fe²⁺	PDS 400 μmol/L，Fe²⁺ 100 μmol/L，pH=7.1，20 ℃	将NOM降解为低分子质量物质	〔97〕

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