Research progress on synergistic efficiency of pollution reduction and carbon reduction based on microalgae technology

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0346

Abstract

Abstract:

A large amount of CO₂ is emitted during the sewage treatment process, accounting for 1% to 2% of the total carbon emission of the whole society. Microalgae have the advantages of fast growth, strong environmental adaptability, high carbon sequestration efficiency, and low cost. Therefore, microalgae technology is considered to be the most environmentally friendly, safe, and sustainable CO₂ biological sequestration method in sewage treatment. Microalgae wastewater treatment technology is a promising and cost-effective method for both biological fixation of CO₂ and wastewater treatment and remediation. Based on the current research status, this paper reviewed the effectiveness of microalgae technology in reducing pollution and carbon dioxide under different volume fractions of CO₂ aeration conditions, analyzed the factors affecting the carbon fixation efficiency of microalgae and introduced the enhancement measures of microalgae technology. The mechanisms of microalgae technology and bacterial-algae symbiosis technology in reducing pollution and carbon emissions were also discussed, while the research directions that needed to be focused on in the future were outlined to lay the foundation for achieving the goal of “carbon neutrality” and the large-scale development of this integrated technology.

Key words: microalgae, wastewater treatment, carbon fixation, pollution reduction and carbon reduction mechanism, carbon neutralization

摘要：

污水处理过程中会排放大量CO₂，占全社会碳排放总量的1%~2%。微藻具有生长速度快、环境适应性强、固碳效率高、成本低等优点，故微藻技术被认为是目前污水处理中最环保、安全、可持续的CO₂生物固存方式。微藻废水处理技术是一种很有前景且具有成本效益的方法，既可以用于CO₂的生物固定，也可以用于废水的处理与修复。基于当前研究现状，综述了微藻技术在不同体积分数CO₂曝气条件下减污降碳的效能，分析了影响微藻碳固定效率的因素并介绍了微藻技术的强化措施，探讨了单一微藻技术和菌藻共生技术减污降碳的机制，同时展望了未来需重点关注的研究方向，为实现“碳中和”目标及该集成技术的规模化发展打下基础。

关键词: 微藻, 废水处理, 碳固定, 减污降碳机制, 碳中和

CLC Number:

X703

Xiao ZHANG, Lijie ZHANG, Bo WANG, Junren CHEN, Zian REN, Yuejun QI. Research progress on synergistic efficiency of pollution reduction and carbon reduction based on microalgae technology[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2025, 45(3): 34-43.

张晓, 张立杰, 王渤, 陈俊任, 任子安, 齐悦君. 基于微藻技术的减污降碳协同增效研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2025, 45(3): 34-43.

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URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2024-0346

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2025/V45/I3/34

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References 73

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微藻种类	培养环境	CO₂体积分数	生物质产率/（g·L^-1·d^-1）	CO₂固定率	脱氮效果	除磷效果	有机碳去除效果	参考文献
Chlorella sp. GD	养殖废水	2%~8%烟气		2 333 mg/（L·d）	40%~90%	87%~99%	61%~80%	〔11〕
Scenedesmus sp.	生活废水	0.03%~10%		239~368 mg/（L·d）	5.16~5.42 mg/（L·d）	0.96~1.08 mg/（L·d）	14~19.5 mg/（L·d）	〔13〕
Spirulina platensis and mixed algel culture	污水处理厂废水	2.5%~15%		62~378 mg/（L·d）	76.4~99.6 mg/（L·d）	69.0~999.0 mg/（L·d）	28.0~82.6 mg/（L·d）	〔14〕
Spirulina platensis	污水处理厂废水	10%	0.796~0.950	542~1 075 mg/（L·d）				〔14〕
Scenedesmus obliquus	模拟城市废水	5%		256.56 mg/（L·d）	97.8%	95.6%	59.1%	〔15〕
Chlorella vulgaris	纺织和食品加工业废水	0.03%~10%燃煤烟气		103~187 mg/（L·d）	85.3%~95.9%	89.5%~98.8%	71.4%~91.9%	〔16〕
Chlorococcum infusionum	纺织和食品加工业废水	0.03%~10%燃煤烟气		543~947 mg/（L·d）	65.3%~75.5%	80.4%~85.8%	65.1%~85.2%
Chlorella sp.	工业废水	10%	1.52	187.65 mg/（L·d）
Coelastrum sp. SM	养牛场废水及粪便渗滤液	5%~6%		528 mg/（L·d）	83.51%	100%	41.4%~53.45%	〔17〕
Coelastrum sp.	牛粪渗滤液	6%	0.281	528.28 mg/（L·d）				〔17〕
Scenedesmus obliquus	改良的BG11	10%	0.155	288 mg/（L·d）				〔18〕
Chlorella vulgaris	模拟生活废水	0.038%		417 mg/（L·d）				〔19〕
Chlorella vulgaris	F/2培养基	4%	0.118	200 mg/（L·d）				〔20〕
Chlorella sp.	F/2培养基	10%	0.268	492 mg/（L·d）				〔21〕
Chlorella minutissima	餐厨废水、家禽废水	11%	0.006 21	80 mg/（L·d）				〔22〕
Chlorella vulgaris NIOCCV	海鲜加工行业废水	5%~20%		0.149~0.430 mg/（L·d）	79.68%~82.42%	63.64%	23.46%	〔23〕
Chlorella vulgaris	处理后的污水	1%		1.5~22.4 mg/（L·d）	1.4~6.9 mg/（L·d）	0~0.071 mg/（L·d）		〔24〕
Botryococcus braunii
Spirulina pletensis
Chlorella sp. Phormidium sp.	生活废水			235 mg/（L·d）	94%	90%		〔25〕
Phormidium valderianum BDU 20041	骨胶原废水	15%燃煤烟气		56.4~65.8 mg/（L·d）	66.35%	35.66%		〔26〕
Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 259	炼钢废水	0.03%~15%		624 mg/（L·d）	0.86~0.92 g/（m³·h）（以NH₃计）			〔27〕
Chlorella sp.	棕榈油厂废水	10%~25%		20~140 mg/（L·d）	28~92.11 mg/（L·d）			〔28〕
Spongiochloris sp.	石油废水	0.038%		2 920.5 mg/（L·d）			97%	〔29〕
Chlorella sp.	3种液体废物的混合物	0.04%~10%			34.7~91.1 mg/（L·d）		348.4~1 373.8 mg/（L·d）	〔30〕
Micractinium pusillum（KMC8）	生活废水	15%	1.32	136.79 mg/（L·d）				〔31〕
Chlorella vulgaris	甜菜加工厂废水	空气流量0.4 L/min			56 mg/（L·d）	51.6 mg/（L·d）	93.7 mg/（L·d）	〔32〕
Chlorella vulgaris	水产养殖废水		3.22		86.6%	100%	100%	〔33〕
Chlorella variabilis TH03	生活污水	99.9%	1.72		96.1%	99.9%	89.8%	〔34〕
Chlorella-Ganoderma	沼液	45%		（62.07±5.94）%	（82.07±7.74）%	（85.43±8.26）%	（83.37±8.04）%	〔35〕

微藻种类	培养环境	CO₂体积分数	生物质产率/（g·L^-1·d^-1）	CO₂固定率	脱氮效果	除磷效果	有机碳去除效果	参考文献
Chlorella sp. GD	养殖废水	2%~8%烟气		2 333 mg/（L·d）	40%~90%	87%~99%	61%~80%	〔11〕
Scenedesmus sp.	生活废水	0.03%~10%		239~368 mg/（L·d）	5.16~5.42 mg/（L·d）	0.96~1.08 mg/（L·d）	14~19.5 mg/（L·d）	〔13〕
Spirulina platensis and mixed algel culture	污水处理厂废水	2.5%~15%		62~378 mg/（L·d）	76.4~99.6 mg/（L·d）	69.0~999.0 mg/（L·d）	28.0~82.6 mg/（L·d）	〔14〕
Spirulina platensis	污水处理厂废水	10%	0.796~0.950	542~1 075 mg/（L·d）				〔14〕
Scenedesmus obliquus	模拟城市废水	5%		256.56 mg/（L·d）	97.8%	95.6%	59.1%	〔15〕
Chlorella vulgaris	纺织和食品加工业废水	0.03%~10%燃煤烟气		103~187 mg/（L·d）	85.3%~95.9%	89.5%~98.8%	71.4%~91.9%	〔16〕
Chlorococcum infusionum	纺织和食品加工业废水	0.03%~10%燃煤烟气		543~947 mg/（L·d）	65.3%~75.5%	80.4%~85.8%	65.1%~85.2%
Chlorella sp.	工业废水	10%	1.52	187.65 mg/（L·d）
Coelastrum sp. SM	养牛场废水及粪便渗滤液	5%~6%		528 mg/（L·d）	83.51%	100%	41.4%~53.45%	〔17〕
Coelastrum sp.	牛粪渗滤液	6%	0.281	528.28 mg/（L·d）				〔17〕
Scenedesmus obliquus	改良的BG11	10%	0.155	288 mg/（L·d）				〔18〕
Chlorella vulgaris	模拟生活废水	0.038%		417 mg/（L·d）				〔19〕
Chlorella vulgaris	F/2培养基	4%	0.118	200 mg/（L·d）				〔20〕
Chlorella sp.	F/2培养基	10%	0.268	492 mg/（L·d）				〔21〕
Chlorella minutissima	餐厨废水、家禽废水	11%	0.006 21	80 mg/（L·d）				〔22〕
Chlorella vulgaris NIOCCV	海鲜加工行业废水	5%~20%		0.149~0.430 mg/（L·d）	79.68%~82.42%	63.64%	23.46%	〔23〕
Chlorella vulgaris	处理后的污水	1%		1.5~22.4 mg/（L·d）	1.4~6.9 mg/（L·d）	0~0.071 mg/（L·d）		〔24〕
Botryococcus braunii
Spirulina pletensis
Chlorella sp. Phormidium sp.	生活废水			235 mg/（L·d）	94%	90%		〔25〕
Phormidium valderianum BDU 20041	骨胶原废水	15%燃煤烟气		56.4~65.8 mg/（L·d）	66.35%	35.66%		〔26〕
Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 259	炼钢废水	0.03%~15%		624 mg/（L·d）	0.86~0.92 g/（m³·h）（以NH₃计）			〔27〕
Chlorella sp.	棕榈油厂废水	10%~25%		20~140 mg/（L·d）	28~92.11 mg/（L·d）			〔28〕
Spongiochloris sp.	石油废水	0.038%		2 920.5 mg/（L·d）			97%	〔29〕
Chlorella sp.	3种液体废物的混合物	0.04%~10%			34.7~91.1 mg/（L·d）		348.4~1 373.8 mg/（L·d）	〔30〕
Micractinium pusillum（KMC8）	生活废水	15%	1.32	136.79 mg/（L·d）				〔31〕
Chlorella vulgaris	甜菜加工厂废水	空气流量0.4 L/min			56 mg/（L·d）	51.6 mg/（L·d）	93.7 mg/（L·d）	〔32〕
Chlorella vulgaris	水产养殖废水		3.22		86.6%	100%	100%	〔33〕
Chlorella variabilis TH03	生活污水	99.9%	1.72		96.1%	99.9%	89.8%	〔34〕
Chlorella-Ganoderma	沼液	45%		（62.07±5.94）%	（82.07±7.74）%	（85.43±8.26）%	（83.37±8.04）%	〔35〕

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