Research progress on electrochemical membrane bioreactor for enhanced wastewater treatment

doi:10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-0374

Abstract

Abstract:

Electrochemical membrane bioreactor(EMBR) is an emerging technology for wastewater treatment. In addition to efficient removal of conventional pollutants, the EMBR has significant advantages in removing micropollutants and pathogenic microbes, alleviating the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes, controlling membrane fouling and recovering bioenergy and resources, etc. This paper reviews the principle and characteristics of the EMBR,wastewater treatment efficiency, energy and resource recovery, membrane fouling control and technical challenges. In order to promote the industrial application of the EMBR and continuously improve the efficiency of the EMBR for wastewater treatment, it is necessary to develop electrode materials with high conductivity and biocompatibility, and to optimize the reactor configuration and operating conditions in the future research.

Key words: membrane bioreactor, electrochemical, wastewater treatment, membrane fouling control, bioenergy and resource recovery

摘要：

电化学耦合膜生物反应器（EMBR）是新兴的污废水处理技术，除了能够高效去除常规污染物，EMBR在去除微污染物和病原微生物、缓解抗生素抗性基因增殖、控制膜污染和回收生物能源与资源等方面也具有显著的优势。综述了EMBR工艺的原理及特点、污废水处理效能、能源与资源回收效果、膜污染控制和技术挑战。为了推动EMBR的工程应用，未来仍需开发具有高导电性、生物相容性的电极材料，优化反应器构型和操作条件，以持续提升对污废水的处理效能。

关键词: 膜生物反应器, 电化学, 污废水处理, 膜污染控制, 生物能源资源回收

CLC Number:

Jinzhuo SHI, Yisong HU, Wenqian XIAO, Songhua LI, Yuan YANG, Wenrui TIAN. Research progress on electrochemical membrane bioreactor for enhanced wastewater treatment[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2024, 44(5): 32-41.

史金卓, 胡以松, 肖文倩, 李松华, 杨媛, 田文瑞. 电化学-膜生物反应器强化污废水处理的研究进展[J]. 工业水处理, 2024, 44(5): 32-41.

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URL: https://www.iwt.cn/EN/10.19965/j.cnki.iwt.2023-0374

https://www.iwt.cn/EN/Y2024/V44/I5/32

Figures/Tables 5

References 64

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污废水类型	阳极	阴极	膜	外加电场	污染物去除效果	膜污染控制	文献
合成废水	不锈钢网	铁板和石墨	不锈钢微滤膜（1~5 μm）	0.60 V	COD去除率为80.38%，TP去除率比对照组提高了24.97%	运行周期比对照组延长109.68%	〔22〕
煤化工废水	不锈钢网	石墨	HFM（0.4 μm）	1.33 mA/cm²	COD去除率为83.53%	膜清洗1次，对照组膜清洗3次	〔23〕
焦化废水	不锈钢网	不锈钢网/导电膜	聚酯滤布平板膜（22 μm）	0~0.30 V/cm	COD去除率为94.30%	60天清洗2次，而对照组5次	〔24〕
农药废水	不锈钢网	不锈钢网混合碳纤维	HF-FSM（0.05 μm）	0.40 V	与对照组对比，污泥产量降低了41.20%，SVI降低了32.50%	运行周期延长31.0%~38.50%	〔25〕
苯酚废水	不锈钢网	不锈钢网	聚酯滤布平板膜	0~1.75 V/cm	电压为0.80 V/cm时，苯酚降解率达100%	膜污染周期可达190 h，对照组为85 h	〔4〕
市政污水	IrO₂-Ta₂O₅@Ti	导电膜	MF	2 V/cm	COD和NH₄ ⁺-N的去除率无显著差异	膜污染速率为0.55 kPa/d，对照组为0.99 kPa/d	〔26〕
垃圾渗滤液	Nb/BDD	钛网	HFM（0.04 μm）	46 mA/cm²	COD去除率63%，NH₄ ⁺-N去除率98%		〔27〕
餐厨废水	铁/石墨板	导电膜	钛网（0.1 μm）	0.60 V	PO₄ ^3--P去除率提高了50%	TMP降低50%	〔28〕
模拟市政污水	铁/石墨板	钛管微滤膜	钛管微滤膜（0.22 μm）	0~0.80 V	TP去除率为69%	相较于对照组膜组件使用寿命延长3倍	〔29〕
合成废水	铝板	不锈钢网	聚醚砜超滤平板膜（0.1 μm）	5~10 A/m²	5 A/m²达到最佳，COD去除率92%，TP去除率92.40%	相较于对照组膜污染降低72.80%	〔30〕
实际纺织废水	铝板	不锈钢网	HFM	10、15 A/m²	COD去除率稳定在75%~77%，15 A/m²时NH₄ ⁺-N、TP去除率分别为92.70%、71%	15 A/m²时，膜化学清洗频率降低55.60%	〔31〕

污废水类型	阳极	阴极	膜	外加电场	污染物去除效果	膜污染控制	文献
合成废水	不锈钢网	铁板和石墨	不锈钢微滤膜（1~5 μm）	0.60 V	COD去除率为80.38%，TP去除率比对照组提高了24.97%	运行周期比对照组延长109.68%	〔22〕
煤化工废水	不锈钢网	石墨	HFM（0.4 μm）	1.33 mA/cm²	COD去除率为83.53%	膜清洗1次，对照组膜清洗3次	〔23〕
焦化废水	不锈钢网	不锈钢网/导电膜	聚酯滤布平板膜（22 μm）	0~0.30 V/cm	COD去除率为94.30%	60天清洗2次，而对照组5次	〔24〕
农药废水	不锈钢网	不锈钢网混合碳纤维	HF-FSM（0.05 μm）	0.40 V	与对照组对比，污泥产量降低了41.20%，SVI降低了32.50%	运行周期延长31.0%~38.50%	〔25〕
苯酚废水	不锈钢网	不锈钢网	聚酯滤布平板膜	0~1.75 V/cm	电压为0.80 V/cm时，苯酚降解率达100%	膜污染周期可达190 h，对照组为85 h	〔4〕
市政污水	IrO₂-Ta₂O₅@Ti	导电膜	MF	2 V/cm	COD和NH₄ ⁺-N的去除率无显著差异	膜污染速率为0.55 kPa/d，对照组为0.99 kPa/d	〔26〕
垃圾渗滤液	Nb/BDD	钛网	HFM（0.04 μm）	46 mA/cm²	COD去除率63%，NH₄ ⁺-N去除率98%		〔27〕
餐厨废水	铁/石墨板	导电膜	钛网（0.1 μm）	0.60 V	PO₄ ^3--P去除率提高了50%	TMP降低50%	〔28〕
模拟市政污水	铁/石墨板	钛管微滤膜	钛管微滤膜（0.22 μm）	0~0.80 V	TP去除率为69%	相较于对照组膜组件使用寿命延长3倍	〔29〕
合成废水	铝板	不锈钢网	聚醚砜超滤平板膜（0.1 μm）	5~10 A/m²	5 A/m²达到最佳，COD去除率92%，TP去除率92.40%	相较于对照组膜污染降低72.80%	〔30〕
实际纺织废水	铝板	不锈钢网	HFM	10、15 A/m²	COD去除率稳定在75%~77%，15 A/m²时NH₄ ⁺-N、TP去除率分别为92.70%、71%	15 A/m²时，膜化学清洗频率降低55.60%	〔31〕

工艺类型	污废水类型	阳极	阴极	膜	外加电场	能源与资源回收	文献
AnEMBR	合成废水	碳纤维刷	不锈钢网	不锈钢网（10 μm）	0.50~0.90 V	随着施加电压的增加，CH₄产量明显增加，0.90 V时达到最大值513 mL/d，相比对照组提高了41.80%	〔39〕
AnEMBR	合成废水	石墨纤维刷	Ni-HFM	Ni-HFM（1 μm）	0.50~0.90 V	在0.7 V时产生富含甲烷的生物气（83% CH₄，<1% H₂）	〔51〕
AnEMBR	农药废水	不锈钢网	不锈钢网	HFM（0.05 μm）	0.40 V	单位COD的甲烷产率为0.22~0.29 L/g，为对照组的1.20~1.40倍	〔25〕
AnEMBR	合成废水	钛网	CNTs-HFMs	CNTs-HFMs	-1.20 V	单位VSS中CH₄产率为1.10~111.10 mL/（g·d），高于对照组	〔52〕
AnOMEBR	合成废水	碳刷	不锈钢网	FO	0.50 V	单位COD中CH₄产率约为0.28 L/g，较对照组提高了11.10%	〔53〕
AnEMBR	合成废水	碳布	镍网	PVDF-HFM（0.1 μm）	0.70 V	单位COD中CH₄产率为0.20 L/g，较对照组提高了56%	〔54〕
EMBR	合成废水	Ti/SnO₂-Sb	钛网	钛网（45 μm）	0~30 A/m²	20 A/m²时，P平均去除率为92%，阴极表面沉淀物的主要成分为鸟粪石	〔55〕
AnEMBR	合成废水	镁板	石墨板	PVDF-HFM（0.1 μm）	0.60 V	进水中26%的NH₄ ⁺和48%的PO₄ ^3-通过鸟粪石回收，阴极表面沉积的鸟粪石纯度为77%	〔56〕

工艺类型	污废水类型	阳极	阴极	膜	外加电场	能源与资源回收	文献
AnEMBR	合成废水	碳纤维刷	不锈钢网	不锈钢网（10 μm）	0.50~0.90 V	随着施加电压的增加，CH₄产量明显增加，0.90 V时达到最大值513 mL/d，相比对照组提高了41.80%	〔39〕
AnEMBR	合成废水	石墨纤维刷	Ni-HFM	Ni-HFM（1 μm）	0.50~0.90 V	在0.7 V时产生富含甲烷的生物气（83% CH₄，<1% H₂）	〔51〕
AnEMBR	农药废水	不锈钢网	不锈钢网	HFM（0.05 μm）	0.40 V	单位COD的甲烷产率为0.22~0.29 L/g，为对照组的1.20~1.40倍	〔25〕
AnEMBR	合成废水	钛网	CNTs-HFMs	CNTs-HFMs	-1.20 V	单位VSS中CH₄产率为1.10~111.10 mL/（g·d），高于对照组	〔52〕
AnOMEBR	合成废水	碳刷	不锈钢网	FO	0.50 V	单位COD中CH₄产率约为0.28 L/g，较对照组提高了11.10%	〔53〕
AnEMBR	合成废水	碳布	镍网	PVDF-HFM（0.1 μm）	0.70 V	单位COD中CH₄产率为0.20 L/g，较对照组提高了56%	〔54〕
EMBR	合成废水	Ti/SnO₂-Sb	钛网	钛网（45 μm）	0~30 A/m²	20 A/m²时，P平均去除率为92%，阴极表面沉淀物的主要成分为鸟粪石	〔55〕
AnEMBR	合成废水	镁板	石墨板	PVDF-HFM（0.1 μm）	0.60 V	进水中26%的NH₄ ⁺和48%的PO₄ ^3-通过鸟粪石回收，阴极表面沉积的鸟粪石纯度为77%	〔56〕

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